Dinamika psikologis komunikasi verbal anak Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (ASD)

INDONESIA:

Autisme merupakan gangguan otak dan gangguan pervasif yang ditandai dengan terganggunya interaksi sosial, keterlambatan bidang komunikasi, gangguan dalam bermain, bahasa, perilaku, gangguan perasaan dan emosi, interaksi sosial, perasaan sosial, gangguan dalam perasaan sensosi, serta terbatasnya tingkah laku yang berulang-ulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dinamika psikologis komunikasi anak yang mengalami gangguan ASD pada anak autis Pusat Terapi Terpadu A-plus Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, peneliti mengambil subjek dua anak yang mengalami gangguan ASD yang sedang menjalani terapi, kedua subjek dianggap cocok untuk menjadi subjek penelitian pada kali ini ini karena selain kedua subjek sudah di diagnosa ASD dan kedua subjek mengalami keterlambatan perkembangan dalam bentuk verbal. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan observasi. Wawancara dilakukan pada orang-orang terdekat subjek yang mempunyai pengetahuan tentang diri subjek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinamika psikologis komunikasi subjek yang mengalami gangguan spektrum autisme sangat berbeda dengan perilaku komunikasi anak pada umumnya, komunikasi verbal yang digunakan terkadang kurang dipahami oleh orang disekitarnya, baik orang tua, terapis ataupun teman sebayanya. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan peran orang tua dan terapis sangat penting dan membantu anak. Dilihat dari segi prilaku, kognitif, emosional dan akademik anak gangguan ASD mempunyai cara tersendiri untuk menyampaikannya walaupun tidak lewat komunikasi verbal

ENGLISH:

Autism is a disorder of the brain and pervasive ailment characterized by the disruption of social interaction, delay in communication, disorders in playing, language, behavior, feeling and emotional disturbances, social interactions, social feelings, disturbances in sensory feelings, and limited of repetitive behaviors. This study was conducted to find out how dynamics of psychological communication of children with ASD on autism children of Integrated Therapy Center A-plus Malang. This research used a qualitative approach, the researchers took the subject of two children with ASD disorder who were undergoing therapy, both subjects were considered suitable to be the subject of this research because in addition to both subjects had been diagnosed with ASD, both subjects also experienced developmental delay in verbal form. The techniques of data collection were using in-depth interviews and observation. Interviews were conducted on subjects’ closest people who had knowledge of the subject's self. The results showed that the dynamics of psychological communication of the subjects with autism spectrum disorder was very different from the communication behavior of children in general; the verbal communication used was sometimes less understood by the people around them; either parents, therapists or peers. This study also showed that the role of parents and therapists was very important and helpful for them. In terms of behavior, cognitive, emotional and academic, children with ASD had their own way to deliver it although not through verbal communication.