Uji efektivitas antimikroba ekstrak etanol 96% daun suji (Dracaena angustifolia) terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae secara in vitro

INDOENSIA:

Latar Belakang : Daun suji (Dracaena angustifolia) merupakan tanaman yang dikenal mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder seperti saponin, flavonoid, tanin, dan alkaloid yang memiliki potensi aktivitas biologis, termasuk sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun suji terhadap Shigella dysenteriae serta menentukan konsentrasi efektif yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri tersebut. Metode : Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap beberapa variasi konsentrasi ekstrak, yaitu 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, dan 100%, serta menggunakan ciprofloxacin sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil : Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun suji mulai memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada konsentrasi 60% dengan zona hambat 1,99 mm, meningkat pada 80% dan 100% menjadi 2,16 mm, sedangkan di bawah 50% tidak menunjukkan aktivitas. Uji Spearman menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara peningkatan konsentrasi dengan luas zona hambat (p=0,00; p<0,05). Dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif siprofloksasin (23,56 mm), daya hambat ekstrak daun suji tergolong lemah. Kesimpulan : Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun suji memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Shigella dysenteriae dengan konsentrasi mulai dari 60%, meskipun potensi penghambatannya masih jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan antibiotik sintetik siprofloksasin. Dengan demikian ekstrak etanol daun suji memberikan efek positif secara statistik tetapi memiliki efek minimal secara klinis dan hanya bersifat bakteriostatik dalam mengganggu pertumbuhan bakteri Shigella dysenteriae.
 
ENGLISH:

Background: Dracaena angustifolia (commonly known as suji leaf) is a plant known to contain various secondary metabolites such as saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which possess potential biological activities, including antibacterial properties. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of suji leaves against Shigella dysenteriae and to identify the effective concentration capable of inhibiting bacterial growth.Methods: The extraction process was carried out using the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method with several extract concentrations (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%), and ciprofloxacin was used as a positive control.Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract of suji leaves began to exhibit antibacterial activity at a concentration of 60%, producing an inhibition zone of 1.99 mm, which increased to 2.16 mm at 80% and 100%, while concentrations below 50% showed no activity. Spearman’s correlation test indicated a significant relationship between increasing extract concentration and inhibition zone diameter (p=0.00; p<0.05). Compared to the positive control ciprofloxacin (23.56 mm), the antibacterial activity of the suji leaf extract was considered weak.Conclusion: The study concludes that the ethanol extract of Dracaena angustifolia possesses antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae with an concentration starting at 60%, although its inhibitory potential remains considerably lower than that of the synthetic antibiotic ciprofloxacin. Ethanolic extract of suji leaves demonstrated a statistically significant effect but produced minimal clinical impact and was only bacteriostatic in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae.