Literature review: pengaruh periodontitis terhadap metabolisme otot rangka

INDONESIA:

Latar belakang: Periodontitis merupakan penyakit inflamasi kronis yang berdampak sistemik dan tidak terbatas pada rongga mulut. Bukti terkini menunjukkan keterkaitannya dengan gangguan metabolisme otot rangka. Tujuan: Menyintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai pengaruh periodontitis terhadap metabolisme otot rangka. Metode: Literatur review dilakukan pada beberapa basis data menggunakan kata kunci terkait periodontitis dan metabolisme otot rangka. Artikel penelitian asli yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis secara naratif. Hasil: Periodontitis berhubungan dengan peningkatan inflamasi sistemik, resistensi insulin, penurunan pengambilan glukosa, disfungsi mitokondria, serta aktivasi penanda atrofi otot. Mekanisme utama melibatkan sitokin proinflamasi dan gangguan jalur PI3K–Akt–mTOR. Kesimpulan: Periodontitis berperan dalam gangguan metabolisme otot rangka melalui mekanisme inflamasi dan metabolik, sehingga kesehatan gigi dan mulut penting dalam menjaga kesehatan metabolik sistemik.

ENGLISH:

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with systemic effects beyond the oral cavity. Emerging evidence suggests its role in disrupting skeletal muscle metabolism through inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Objective: To synthesize current evidence on the effect of periodontitis on skeletal muscle metabolism. Methods: A literature review was conducted using major databases with predefined keywords related to periodontitis and skeletal muscle metabolism. Original research articles meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed and synthesized narratively. Results: Periodontitis was consistently associated with systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired glucose uptake, mitochondrial dysfunction, and muscle atrophy markers. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, along with altered PI3K–Akt–mTOR signaling, were key mechanisms involved. Conclusion: Periodontitis contributes to skeletal muscle metabolic dysfunction through inflammatory and metabolic pathways, highlighting the importance of oral health in systemic metabolic regulation.