Korelasi kadar gula darah puasa dengan jenis gambaran segmen ST pasien sindrom koroner akut di Rumah Sakit Umum Karsa Husada Batu

INDONESIA:

Latar Belakang: Derajat keparahan sindrom koroner akut (SKA) berkaitan erat dengan luasnya oklusi, yang dapat diperkirakan melalui interpretasi segmen ST pada EKG. Namun, interpretasi ini memerlukan keahlian tenaga medis, sehingga tidak menyebabkan kesalahan interpretasi. Perubahan biokimia klinis salah satunya kadar gula darah puasa (GDP) dapat mengalami peningkatan yang merupakan respon adaptasi umum yang ditemukan pada pasien yang mengalami serangan SKA. Tujuan Penelitian: Menganalisis hubungan antara kadar GDP dengan jenis gambaran segmen ST pada pasien SKA. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi kuantitatif. Data diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien selama Januari - Juni 2025. Sebanyak 705 pasien didiagnosis SKA selama 1 tahun terakhir sehingga sampel penelitian dihitung menggunakan rumus slovin dengan toleransi kesalahan 10%, didapatkan jumlah sampel 100. Analisis hubungan dilakukan secara non-parametrik menggunakan uji Chi-Square dan koefisien kontingensi. Hasil: Sebagian besar pasien berjenis kelamin laki-laki (64%) dan berusia 46 - 65 tahun (59%). Mayoritas menunjukkan kadar GDP yang tinggi (71%) disertai gambaran EKG berupa depresi segmen ST (44%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kadar GDP dan jenis gambaran segmen ST dengan nilai p = 0,02 (<0,05), meskipun kekuatan hubungan tergolong lemah (Cramer's V = 0,241). Kesimpulan: Kadar GDP memiliki hubungan yang signifikan terhadap jenis gambaran segmen ST pada pasien SKA dan dapat menjadi indikator awal untuk menilai keparahan iskemia miokard.

ENGLISH:

Background: The severity of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is closely related to the extent of coronary occlusion, which can be estimated by interpreting ST-segment patterns on electrocardiography (ECG). However, such interpretation requires adequate medical expertise to avoid diagnostic errors. One of the common clinical biochemical responses during ACS is an elevation in fasting blood glucose (FBG), which serves as a general adaptive mechanism. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the association between fasting blood glucose levels and the types of ST-segment patterns in patients with ACS. Methods: This was a quantitative study. Data were obtained from medical records of patients diagnosed with ACS between January and June 2025. A total of 705 patients were identified, and the sample size was calculated using Slovin’s formula with a 10% margin of error, resulting in 100 samples. The association between variables was analyzed using the Chi-square test and contingency coefficient. Results: Most of the patients were male (64%) and aged 46–65 years (59%). The majority showed elevated FBG levels (71%) and ST-segment depression (44%). There was a significant association between fasting blood glucose levels and ST-segment patterns p = 0.02 (<0.05), although the strength of the association was weak (Cramer’s V = 0.241). Conclusion: Fasting blood glucose level is significantly associated with the type of ST-segment pattern in ACS patients and may serve as an early indicator to assess the severity of myocardial ischemia.