Code switching between teachers and students: A study on verbal communication in Panti Asuhan Al-Khodijah Desa Sumberpasir Kec. Pakis Kab. Malang

ABSTRACT

This study began with observations of communication patterns, specifically focusing on interactions between teachers and students at Panti Asuhan Al-Khodijah. The communication observed often involved the use of polite Javanese (kromo) rather than other forms. Code-switching, where speakers alternate between different languages or speech levels, was frequently noted in various situations. The patterns of code-switching varied depending on the purpose of communication and specific contexts. The codes used ranged from Indonesian to Javanese, incorporating various speech levels.

Social status did not predominantly determine the choice of Javanese speech levels; rather, code choice was related to social status but was also influenced by other factors. The study aimed to address the following research questions: (1) What are the codes most frequently used by students and teachers? (2) What is the pattern of code-switching among them? (3) What factors govern code choice and trigger code-switching in particular situations?

An emic approach, utilizing a natural paradigm, was employed to answer these questions. The researcher carefully observed and listened to the explanations provided by participants, with additional questions asked to confirm their statements. The findings revealed that code choice and code-switching occurred naturally among teachers and students, without coercion or intimidation. It was concluded that code choice is influenced by specific purposes, such as educational objectives, rather than solely by social status. While social status might affect the choice of Javanese speech levels, it did not imply social discrimination but served as a communication requirement within the educational setting. Students were trained to respect each other according to their social status and to maintain politeness and humility in their interactions.