Kajian Kadar Etanol dan Asam Asetat dalam Cairan Nira Siwalan (Borassus Flabellifer Linn) menggunakan Metode Kromatografi Gas (GC)

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan Quran surat Al-Maidah ayat 90-91yang menerangkan aspek kehalalan tentang makanan. Kadar etanol dan asam asetat dalam cairan nira siwalan (Borassos flabellifer linn) diteliti menggunakan kromatografi gas (GC). Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rekomendasi tentang kehalalan cairan nira siwalan yang digunakan sebagai minuman tradisional.

Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan, meliputi variasi lama pendiaman ( 10 jam, 34 jam, 58 jam, 82 jam, 106 jam, 130 jam dan 154 jam), pemisahan cairan dan residu menggunakan metode destilasi, penentuan kadar etanol dan asam asetat dalam destilat dengan metode kromatografi gas (GC), serta penentuan TSAI dengan metode Eynon_lane.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar etanol hasil pendiaman yang diperoleh selama 10 jam, 34 jam, 58 jam, 82 jam, 106 jam, 130 jam dan 154 jam masing-masing yaitu 0,626 %, 3,243 %, 7,880 %, 8,010 % 8,088 %, 8,658 % dan 8,450 %. Sedangkan kadar asam asetat hasil pendiaman yang diperoleh selama 10 jam, 34 jam, 58 jam, 82 jam, 106 jam, 130 jam dan 154 jam masing-masing yaitu 0 %, 0 %, 0,424 %, 0,424 %, 0,523 %, 0,556 % dan 0,474 %. Hasil TSAI yang diperoleh sebesar 15,3 %.

Menurut ijtihad fatwa Majelis Ulama’ Indonesia (MUI) ketentuan kadar etanol dalam minuman yang diperbolehkan untuk dikonsumsi adalah < 1 % dan secara umum bisa memabukkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nira siwalan yang didiamkan lebih dari 10 jam akan memiliki kandungan etanol lebih dari 1 % sehingga menurut hukum syara’ dihukumi haram untuk dikonsumsi. Meskipun demikian, setelah etanol berubah menjadi asam asetat maka halal hukumnya untuk dikonsumsi sebab menurut hukum syara’ asam asetat adalah halal untuk dikonsumsi.

ABSTRACT

The research was conducted based on Quran Surah Al-Maidah verse 90-91 which concern with the halalness aspects of food. Concentration of ethanol and acetic acid in nira Siwalan’s (Borassos flabellifer linn) liquid were investigated using gas chromatography (GC) method. The results of this research provide useful information for recommendation about halalness of nira siwalan liquid as used as a traditional beverage.

This research was conducted through several steps, including variation of time storage (10 hours, 34 hours, 58 hours, 82 hours, 106 hours, 130 hours and 154 hours), residual liquid separation using distillation methods, determination of the concentration of ethanol and acetic acid in distillate by gas chromatography (GC), and determination of using Tsai Eynon-Lane method.

The results showed that the ethanol content obtained during time storage of 10 hours, 34 hours, 58 hours, 82 hours, 106 hours, 130 hours and 154 hours are 0.626%, 3.243%, 7.880%, 8.010%, 8.088%, 8.658 % and 8.450%, respectively. Acetic acid levels obtained during the 10 hours, 34 hours, 58 hours, 82 hours, 106 hours, 130 hours and 154 hours are 0%, 0%, 0.424%, 0.424%, 0.523%, 0.556% and 0.474%, respectively, while TSAI was determined as 15.3%.

According to the MUI, the allowed amount of ethanol content in beverages should be under 1% and -in general- can be intoxicating. The research showed that nira siwalan’s liquid stored more than 10 hours will generated ethanol content of more than 1% so it will unlawful (not halal) to be consumed under law of syara’. However, as all ethanol converted into acetic acid the liquid will be halal as the acectid acid is halal
for consumption.