Immune rights of members of the council of people's representatives according to the principle of equity before the law

INDONESIA:

DPR adalah lembaga Negara yang memegang kekuasaan sebagai pembentuk undang-undang. Hak imunitas ini diatur dalam UUD 1945 pasal 20A serta pasal 80 Undang-Undang nomor 17 tahun 2014 tentang MD3. Keberadaan Hak Imunitas ini menjadi hal yang sering diperdebatkan karena sifatnya yang dinilai ‘kebal hukum’ bagi anggota DPR. Sedangkan dalam salah Satu Asas yakni Asas persamaan Dihadapan Hukum (Equality Before the Law) menyebutkan bahwa semua berderajat sama dihadapan hukum. Hal inipun juga tertera dalam pasal 27 ayat (1) UUD 1945 “segala warga Negara bersamaan kedudukannya didalam hukum dan pemerintahan itu dengan tidak ada kecualinya”. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan pemahaman dalam masyarakat.

Dari latar belakang diatas, rumusan masalah yang ditemukan oleh penulis adalah bagaimana batasan atas Hak Imunitas anggota DPR berdasarkan asas persamaan dihadapan hukum serta bagaimana eksistensi hak imunitas Anggota DPR berdasarkan Ahlul Halli Wal ‘Aqdi.

Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dengan bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan merujuk pada undang-undang nomor 2 tahun 2018 tentang perubahan kedua undang-undang nomor 17 tahun 2014 tentang Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (UU MD3). Dan bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku-buku terkait Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, jurnal-jurnal penelitian, buku tentang teori persamaan dihadapan hukum.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hak imunitas memang diperlukan oleh anggota DPR untuk menjamin haknya dalam menyatakan pendapat selama masih dalam lingkup kewajiban dan penugasan Anggota DPR. Dikatakan melanggar prinsip Equality before The Law jika anggota DPR itu melanggar kode etik dan tata tertib yang sudah ditentukan. Anggota DPR pun tetap akan dikenakan sanksi dan hukuman bila melanggar kode etik dan tata tertib, serta jika anggota DPR itu sendiri melakukan tindak pidana khusus. Demikian pula Hak imunitas Anggota DPR, Jika dalam Islam DPR itu sendiri disebut ahlul halli wal ‘aqdi, diatur dalam alquran. Dalam alquran dijelaskan, bahwa seluruh umat dibebaskan dalam berfikir, menyatakan pendapat, berbicara atau bahkan bertindak dalam memutuskan suatu perkara yang ini semua juga merupakan ciri daripada hak imunitas

ENGLISH:

The DPR is a state institution that holds the power to form laws. This right to immunity is regulated in Article 20A of the 1945 Constitution and Article 80 of Law Number 17 of 2014 concerning MD3. The existence of this right to immunity is often debated because of its nature which is considered 'beyond the law' for members of the DPR. Meanwhile, in one of the principles, namely the principle of equality before the law, it is stated that all are equal before the law. This is also stated in Article 27 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution "all citizens have the same position in the law and government with no exceptions". This shows that there is a gap in understanding in society.

From the above background, the formulation of the problem found by the author is how the limitations on the Immunity Rights of DPR members are based on the principle of equality before the law and how the existence of the immunity rights of DPR Members is based on Ahlul Halli Wal 'Aqdi.

This study uses normative legal research, using a statutory approach with primary legal material in the form of legislation referring to law number 2 of 2018 concerning amendments to the two laws number 17 of 2014 concerningThe People's Consultative Assembly, the People's Representative Council, the Regional Representatives Council, and the Regional People's Representative Council (UU MD3). And secondary legal materials in the form of books related to the House of Representatives, research journals, books on the theory of equality before the law.

The results of the study indicate that the right of immunity is indeed needed by members of the DPR to guarantee their right to express opinions as long as they are within the scope of obligations and assignments of members of the DPR. It is said to violate the principle of Equality before The Law if the DPR member violates the code of ethics and rules that have been determined. Members of the DPR will still be subject to sanctions and penalties if they violate the code of ethics and regulations, and if the DPR members themselves commit special crimes. Likewise, the immunity rights of members of the DPR, if in Islam the DPR itself is called ahlul halli wal 'aqdi, is regulated in the Koran. In the Qur'an, it is explained that all people are free to think, express opinions, speak or even act in deciding a case, all of which are also characteristics of the right of immunity