Makna keadilan pidana pada narapidana Lapas Wanita Klas II A Malang

INDONESIA:

Keadilan sosial juga memiliki dimensi objektif dan subjektif (Faturochman, 2002 ; 21). Hasil penelitian Faturochman (2001 ; 84) menunjukkan bahwa proses penilaian keadilan dapat dikaji berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip psikologi kognitif. Faturochman dan Djamaludin Ancok (2001 ; 41-60) menunjukkan bahwa suatu prosedur yang tepat akan berpengaruh pada penilaian seseorang tentang keadilan prosedural. Psikologi memfokuskan diri pada ranah bagaimana seseorang menjabarkan rasa keadilan, bagaimana seseorang berpendapat dengan melalui pikirannya tentang keadilan (Skitka&Crosby, 2003). Sehingga “apa yang dikatakan adil” adalah berasal dari keterkaitan antara sisi objektif dengan sisi persepsi subjektif tentang keadilan. Dengan kata lain individu menilai suatu keputusan itu adil atau tidak adil, merupakan proses psikologis ditingkat individu (Nuqul, 2008 ; 44) .

Sehingga rumusan pertanyaan dan tujuan penelitian memfokuskan pada makna dan bentuk keadilan pidana yang meliputi keadilan prosedural, retributif, dan restoratif mulai dari proses penangkapan pada kepolisian, pengadilan hingga kehidupan narapidana dalam Lembaga Permasyarakatan Wanita Klas IIA Malang. Mengingat bahwa penilaian keadilan prosedural akan mempengaruhi penilaian keadilan retributif dan restoratif.

Pendekatan dalam metode penelitian adalah kualitatif fenomenologi, subyek penelitian sebanyak 4 orang narapidana wanita dengan kriteria purposive Marshall B. Clinard dan Richard Quinney (dalam Husein, 2003 ; 4). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dokumen berupa BAP (berita acara pemeriksaan). Pengecekan keabsahan data menggunakan triangulasi dan membercheck.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum subyek penelitian memaknai keadilan adalah mengenai prinsip persamaan (equality) antara pembagian hak dan kewajiban serta perlakuan yang sama (prosedural), namun terdapat subyek yang memaknai keadilan berdasar apa yang telah didapat atau manfaat yang didapat (restoratif) atas hukuman (retributif) yang telah didakwakan hakim. Sedangkan hasil penelitian tentang makna keadilan prosedural, secara umum subyek penelitian merasa tidak adil secara prosedural. Secara umum, tentang makna keadilan retributif, subyek penelitian merasa tidak adil atas hukuman yang telah diterimanya. Meskipun tidak adil namun secara keseluruhan subyek penelitian merasakan mendapatkan banyak perubahan dari kehidupannya di dalam lembaga permasyarakatan.

ENGLISH:

Social justice also has the objective and subjective dimensions (Faturochman, 2002; 21). The results Faturochman (2001; 84) shows that the assessment process of justice can be assessed based on the principles of cognitive psychology. Faturochman and Djamaludin Ancok (2001; 41-60) suggests that a proper procedure will affect a person's judgment about procedural fairness.Psychology focuses on the realm of how people describe a sense of justice, how one argues with through his mind about the fairness (Skitka & Crosby, 2003). So that "what is said just" is derived from the relationship between the objective with the subjective perception of fairness. In other words, an individual judge's decision was fair or unfair, is a process of individual psychological level (Nuqul, 2008; 44). So the formulation of questions and research objectives focus on the meaning and form of criminal justice includes procedural justice, retributive and restorative starting from the arrest to the police, the courts until the lives of inmates in the Correctional Institute for Women Class IIA Malang. Given that the assessment will affect the assessment of procedural justice retributive and restorative justice.

The approach in this research is a qualitative method of phenomenology, the study subjects by 4 female prisoners with purposive criteria Marshall B. Clinard and Richard Quinney (in Hussein, 2003 ; 4). Techniques of data collection using interviews, observations, document form BAP (investigation report). Checking the validity of data using triangulation and membercheck.

Results showed generally interpret the research subject of justice is the principle of equality (equality) between the distribution of rights and duties and equal treatment (procedural), but there are subjects who interpret justice based on what has been obtained or derived benefits (restorative) on penalties ( retributive) has indicted the judges. While the results of research on the meaning of procedural justice, the general subject of the study was procedurally unfair. In general, about the meaning of retributive justice, the subject of the study was not fair on the sentence he had received. Although it is not fair but the overall feel of research subjects to get much change out of his life in institutions has begun.