Pengaruh ekstrak Etanolik Daun Lampes (Ocimum sanctum L.) terhadap luas Fatty Streak Aorta kelinci model Aterosklerosis

ABSTRACT

Atherosclerosis is the etiology of coronary heart disease (CHD) that contributes the highest mortality rate of non-communicable disease group in Indonesia. This process is initiated by the increase of circulating lipids and high ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) so that it can form fatty streaks which are the earlier type of atherosclerotic lesions. The holy basil (Ocimum sanctum L.) has been shown to reduce lipid levels, ROS, and inflammation, but the benefits to prevent atherosclerotic lesions development are still unknown. This research purpose is to prove the effect of holy basil leaf to inhibits the increase of fatty streak area. This study was purely experimental research with a post test only control group design and used 25 rabbits which were divided into 5 random groups, namely the normal group (without treatment), negative control (without holy basil leaf extract), treatment 1 (10 mg/kgBB holy basil leaf extract), treatment 2 (25 mg/kgBB holy basil leaf extract), and treatment 3 (50 mg/kgBB holy basil leaf extract). Rabbits were given the atherogenic diet from 3% fat and 2% cholesterol for 45 days. Fatty streak area was measured using ImageJ software from the observation of aortic arch lesions using Nikon Eclipse e200 microscope with 400x magnification from five visual fields. The results showed that there was no difference in fatty streak area between each groups (P>0,05), but there was a trend of decreasing fatty streak area according to dose addition according to the dose (negative control 5802.21+3690.41 μm2, P1 5154.69+3990.79 μm2, P2 4938.31+3690.18 μm2, and P3 3611.68+4092.96 μm2) even though it was not statistically significant (P>0,05). Based on these results it was concluded that the administration of holy basil leaf extract could not affect the increase in fatty streak area, but there was a tendency to decrease based on the dose addition.

ABSTRAK

Aterosklerosis adalah etiologi penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) yang menyumbang angka mortalitas tertinggi pada kelompok penyakit tidak menular di Indonesia. Prosesnya diinisiasi oleh kenaikan lipid di dalam sirkulasi dan tingginya ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) sehingga dapat membentuk fatty streak yang merupakan tipe lesi aterosklerosis awal. Tanaman lampes (Ocimum sanctum L.) terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar lipid, mengurangi ROS dan inflamasi, namun manfaat dalam mencegah perkembangan lesi aterosklerosis belum diketahui. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuktikan pengaruh daun lampes dalam menghambat peningkatan luas fatty streak. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental murni dengan desain post test only control group dan menggunakan 25 ekor kelinci yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok acak, yaitu kelompok normal (tanpa perlakuan), kontrol (-) (tanpa ekstrak daun lampes), perlakuan 1 (10 mg/kgBB ekstrak daun lampes), perlakuan 2 (25 mg/kgBB ekstrak daun lampes), dan perlakuan 3 (50 mg/kgBB ekstrak daun lampes). Kelinci diberi perlakuan diet aterogenik berupa lemak 3% dan kolesterol 2% selama 45 hari. Luas fatty streak diukur menggunakan software ImageJ dari hasil pengamatan preparat HE lesi arkus aorta menggunakan mikroskop Nikon Eclipse e200 dengan perbesaran 400x sebanyak 5 lapang pandang. Diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak ada perbedaan luas fatty streak antar setiap kelompok (P>0,05), namun terlihat adanya tren penurunan luas fatty streak sesuai penambahan dosis (kontrol (-) 5802,21+3690,41 μm2, P1 5154,69+3990,79 μm2, P2 4938,31+3690,18 μm2, dan P3 3611,68+4092,96 μm2) walaupun secara statistik tidak bermakna (P>0,05). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun lampes tidak dapat berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan luas fatty streak, namun terdapat kecenderungan penurunan sesuai dengan penambahan dosis.