Speech error expressions in Maliki National Debate Tournament (Mandate) 2015

ENGLISH:

The research deals with study of speech error expressions in Maliki National Debate Tournament (Mandate) 2015. The writer chooses to analyze speech error because it has significant influence on speaker’s fluency during speech or debate. In this case, the debaters, as the object of this study, are required to speak quickly in presenting their argument in limited time. Therefore, investigating speech error during debate tournament is worth-doing as it could reveal the speech errors that mostly occur in debate. There are two problems in this study. First, this study is to answer what the types of speech error occurred during Mandate 2015, involving six beginner debaters. Further, this research explains about the debate components that support the occurrence of dominant speech error in debate tournament. The writer analyzes speech error to help the readers improving the accuracy of language communication especially in debate.

To gain the expected result, this research uses descriptive analysis to describe the data. The writer applies the theory of speech error based on Maclay and Osgood and model of slip of tongue proposed by Fromkin. All the speech errors were analyzed from twenty seven data. Speech error here refers to the error occurring during debate. There are nine types of speech errors found; filled pause, silent pause, repeats, stutter, false starts (retraced & un-retraced), correction, interjection and slip of tongue; shift, exchange, anticipation, preservation, addition, deletion, substitution and blend.

The writer found out that all types of speech errors occurred during the debate. However, slip of tongue is not found in the data. The analysis showed that filled pause type dominated the speech error. This type happened in twenty three data or 85% of the data. The debate component of the speech error that dominated the error was giving argument. The error in context of giving argument happened fourteen times.

INDONESIA:

Penelitian ini mencakup kajian speech error di Maliki National Debate Tournament (Mandate) 2015. Peneliti mengangkat topik tersebut karena speech error memiliki dampak besar terhadap kelancaran pembicara dalam pidato atau debat. Dalam hal ini, pendebat sebagai objek kajian, dituntut untuk dapat berbicara cepat dalam menjelaskan argumen mereka dalam waktu yang singkat. Sehingga, pembahasan mengenai speech error yang terjadi dalam perlombaan debat perlu dilakukan karena kajian ini dapat menjelaskan jenis speech error yang paling banyak terjadi dalam debat. Terdapat dua rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini. Pertama, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menjabarkan jenis speech error yang terjadi selama Mandate 2015, yang mencakup 6 orang pendebat. Kemudian, penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang komponen debat yang mendukung terjadinya dominasi speech error selama perlombaan debat. Peneliti menganalisa speech error untuk membantu pembaca dalam mengembangkan keakuratan dalam komunikasi, terutama dalam berdebat.

Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang dimaksud, penelitan ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk menjelaskan data. Peneliti menerapkan teori speech error menurut Maclay dan Osgood and model slip of tongue menurut Fromkin. Semua speech error dianalisa dari 27 data. Speech error yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah kesalahan yang terjadi selama debat. Ada sembilan jenis speech error yang ditemukan, yaitu: filled pause, silent pause, repeats, stutter, false starts (retraced & un-retraced), correction, interjection and slip of tongue; shift, exchange, anticipation, preservation, addition, deletion, substitution dan blend.

Peneliti mendapatkan hasil bahwa semua jenis speech error terjadi dalam debat. Meskipun demikian, slip of tongue tidak ditemukan. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa filled pause mendominasi speech error. Tipe ini muncul dalam 85% data. Dalam komponen debat, jenis yang banyak muncul adalah giving argument. Kesalahan dalam komponen tersebut terjadi sebanyak 14 kali.