Studi kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman fitoplankton di perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

INDONESIA:

Perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo merupakan perairan yang berada di Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TN.BTS). Keberadaan perairan ini semakin terancam kebersihannya karena aktivitas masyarakat sekitar, limbah pertanian, limbah rumah tangga dan kegiatan wisatawan. Kualitas air di kedua perairan tersebut perlu dipantau secara berkelanjutan agar kondisi perairan tersebut dapat terus terjaga. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman fitoplankton di perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo TN.BTS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan, keanekaragaman dan Dominansi, serta kualitas air berdasarkan faktor fisika kimia di perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2011 di perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo TN.BTS. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada zona limnetik di 5 stasiun pengamatan. Sampel air yang tersaring sebayak 25 ml diawetkan dengan menggunakan formalin 4% sebanyak 5 tetes dan ditambah CuSO4 sebanyak 4 tetes. Faktor fisika dan kimia yang diamati adalah suhu, TDS, TSS, kecerahan, pH, BOD, COD, DO, fosfat dan nitrat. Analisis data meliputi kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman dan indeks dominansi.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui Genus fitoplankton di perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo adalah Dictyosphaerium, Selenastrum, Closterium, Staurastrum, Cosmarium, Staurodesmus, Crucigeniella, Spirogyra, Chroococcus, Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Anabaena, Pinnularia, Frustulia, Navicula, Diatomella, Cymbella, Fragillaria, Cylindrotheca dan Peridinum. Genus Selenastrum, Crucigeniella, Microcystis dan Cylindrotheca hanya ditemukan di perairan Ranu Pani. Sedangkan genus Closterium, Diatomella dan Peridinum hanya ditemukan di perairan Ranu Regulo. Kelimpahan fitoplankton di perairan Ranu Pani rata-rata adalah 2.420 individu/l dan Ranu Regulo adalah 188 individu/l. Kelimpahan tertinggi adalah dari genus Dictyosphaerium. Berdasarkan keanekaragaman, perairan Ranu Pani termasuk tercemar berat dengan indeks sebesar 0,535, sedangkan Ranu Regulo tergolong tercemar sedang dengan indeks keanekaragaman sebesar 1,872. Berdasarkan analisis dominansi, pada perairan Ranu Pani terjadi dominansi dengan indeks sebesar 0,814, sedangkan di perairan Ranu Regulo tidak terjadi dominansi ditunjukkan dengan indeks sebesar 0,27. Baku mutu perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo berdasarkan PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 termasuk ke dalam golongan kelas 2 dan 3, yaitu perairan yang diperuntukan untuk sarana rekreasi air, budidaya ikan air tawar, peternakan dan untuk mengairi tanaman.

ENGLISH:

Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo Aquatic freshwaters there was in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TN.BTS). The existence of two sources of clean water is increasingly threatened to people of community activities, agricultural waste, household waste and tourist activities. Water quality of both these waters need to be monitored sustainable that water conditions could be maintained. Therefore, It is necessary to study the abundance and diversity of Phytoplankton in the waters of Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo TN.BTS. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the abundance, diversity, dominance and water quality based on factors of chemical and physics in the waters of Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo.

This research used descriptive quantitative method, was implemented in May until June 2011 in the waters of Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo TN.BTS. The sampling is done on limnetic zone at 5 observation stations. Water samples are filtered by 25 ml formalin and preserved use 4% as much as 5 drops and as many as 4 drops of CuSO4 added. Physical and chemical factors had observed are the temperature, TDS, TSS, brightness, pH, BOD, COD, DO, phosphate and nitrate. Analysis of data are the abundance, diversity and dominance index.

According to the results of this research, showed that genus of phytoplankton in the waters of Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo was found Dictyosphaerium, Selenastrum, Closterium, Staurastrum, Cosmarium, Staurodesmus, Crucigeniella, Spirogyra, Chroococcus, Microcystis, Oscillatoria, Anabaena, Pinnularia, Frustulia, Navicula, Diatomella, Cymbella, Fragillaria, Cylindrotheca and Peridinum. Genus Selenastrum, Crucigeniella, Microcystis and Cylindrotheca only found in the waters of Ranu Pani. While the genus Closterium and Peridinum, Diatomella only found in the waters of Ranu Regulo. Phytoplankton abundance in the waters of Ranu Pani average was 2.420 individuals/l and Ranu Regulo are 188 individuals/l. The highest abundance is of the genus Dictyosphaerium. Based on diversity, including polluted waters Ranu Pani weight with an index of 0,535, while Ranu Regulo classified are being contaminated with a diversity index of 1,872. Based on the analysis of dominance, these of index of aquatic Ranu Pani is 0,814, while in the waters of Ranu Regulo dominance does not occur was indicated by an index of 0,27. Based on the value of diversity index, the waters of Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo being classified as polluted and based on raw water quality of government regulation No. 82 of 2001 belong to class II and III that the waters are design for recreational water facilities, fresh water fish farming, livestock and to irrigate crops.