Kepekaan tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) terhadap hama kutu kebul (Bemisia tabaci Genn.)

INDONESIA:

Kedelai (Glycine max L.) merupakan tanaman kacang-kacangan yang penting di Indonesia, memiliki kadar protein tinggi sekitar 10, 30% yang dibutuhkan oleh manusia untuk bahan pangan. Salah satu kendala dalam budidaya tanaman kedelai adalah kehadiran serangga hama antara lain kutu kebul (B. tabaci). Pada populasi tinggi Kutu kebul berpotensi merusak tanaman kedelai menyebabkan bercak klorosis pada daun yang berakibat daun keriput dan tanaman kedelai menjadi kerdil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis kedelai terhadap jumlah kutu kebul serta kepekaan jenis kedelai terhadap serangan kutu kebul.

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli sampai September 2010 dengan lokasi penelitian di Greenhouse Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kacang-kacangan dan Umbi-Umbian (BALITKABI) di Kendalpayak Pakisaji Malang. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi 3 tahap yaitu penelitian eksperimen, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), 2 kali ulangan. Apabila terdapat perbedaan nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan (DRMT) 5%. Dilanjutkan penelitian deskriptif dan korelasional. Perlakuan pada penelitian eksperimen yang digunakan adalah 44 galur kedelai. Data hasil penelitian meliputi pengaruh jenis kedelai terhadap jumlah kutu kubul pada berbagai stadia, hubungan antar populasi telur, nimfa, pupa dan imago, nilai intensitas kerusakan daun dengan kutu kebul pada berbagai stadia, tingkat kepekaan berdasarkan jumlah kutu kebul berbagai stadia.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang nyata antara jenis kedelai terhadap jumlah kutu kebul pada berbagai stadia. Selain itu juga terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara populasi jumlah telur dengan nimfa, telur dengan pupa, telur dengan imago, nimfa dengan pupa, nimfa dengan imago dan pupa dengan imago. kriteria kepekaan tanaman berdasarkan nilai intensitas kerusakan daun, dari 44 galur kedelai (Glycine max L.) berdasarkan jumlah telur
2 jenis tanaman termasuk sangat tahan (ST), 6 jenis tanaman termasuk tahan (T), 12 jenis tanaman termasuk agak tahan (AT), 21 jenis tanaman termasuk rentan (R) 3 jenis tanaman termasuk sangat rentan (SR). Berdasarkan jumlah nimfa ST (2) T (6) AT (13) R (20) SR (3), berdasarkan jumlah pupa ST (0) T (9) AT (10) R (22) SR (3), berdasarkan jumlah imago ST (2) T (5) AT (9) R (24) SR (4).

ENGLISH:

Soybean (Glycine max L.) plant is a legume that is important in Indonesia, has a high protein content of about 10, 30% required by humans for food. One of the constraints in the cultivation of soybean plants is the presence of insect pests such as ticks kebul (B. tabaci). At high population Lice kebul potentially damaging soybean plants causing chlorotic spots on leaves resulting in wrinkles and leaves of soybean plants become stunted. This study aims to determine the effect of soy on the number of flea species kebul and sensitivity of soybean to attack by flea species kebul.

The experiment was conducted from July to September 2010 with research sites in Greenhouse Crops Research Institute for Legumes and Tuber (Balitkabi) in Kendalpayak Pakisaji Malang. The research was divided into 3 phases of research experiments, using Completely Randomized Design (CRD), 2 replications. If there is a noticeable difference then followed by Duncan test (DRMT) 5%. Followed descriptive and correlational research. The treatments used in experimental studies was 44 soybean strains. The data type of research results include the effect of soy on the number of ticks kubul at various stadia, the relationship between populations of eggs, nymphs, pupa and imago, the intensity of leaf damage by flea kebul at various stadia, the level of sensitivity based on the number of ticks kebul various stadia.

The results show that there is a noticeable effect between the type of soy to the number of ticks kebul at various stadia. In addition there are also a significant correlation between the population numbers of eggs with a nymph, pupa egg, egg to imago, nymph with a pupa, nymph to imago and pupa to imago. criteria based on the sensitivity of plant leaf damage intensity values, of 44 strains of soybean (Glycine max L.) based on the number of eggs are 2 types of plants including highly resistant (ST), 6 species of plants including resistant (T), 12 types of plants including moderately resistant (AT) , 21 plant species including the vulnerable (R) 3 types of plants including highly susceptible (SR). Based on the number of nymphs ST (2) T (6) AT (13) R (20) SR (3), based on the number of pupae ST (0) T (9) AT (10) R (22) SR (3), based on the number imago ST (2) T (5) AT (9) R (24) SR (4).