Keanekaragaman makrozoobentos sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan Ranu Pani - Ranu Regulo Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru

INDONESIA:

Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo merupakan danau yang termasuk dalam zona pemanfaatan intensif Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TN.BTS). Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo berada pada ketinggian 2.200 m dpl dengan luas masing- masing 1 ha dan 0,75 ha. Air dari kedua danau ini dipergunakan sebagai tempat wisata, untuk pertanian, memandikan ternak dan tempat memancing. Adanya aktivitas penduduk sekitar dan pengunjung memberikan pengaruh terhadap kualitas perairan. Tujuan penelian ini untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman makrozoobentos sebagai bioindikator kualitas perairan Ranu Pani-Ranu Regulo TN.BTS serta mengetahui kualitas perairan dilihat dari faktor fisika–kimianya.

Penelitian dilakukan di TN.BTS pada bulan Mei 2011-Juni 2011. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian diskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode Purposif Random Sampling. Sampel diambil pada lima stasiun pengamatan di masing- masing perairan dengan menggunakan Ekman Dredge dan pengambilan secara langsung dengan tangan. Sampel diidentifikasi di laboratoriun Ekologi dan Optik Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.

Hasil penelitian makrozoobentos di perairan Ranu Pani terdiri dari: Bulimidae 93 ekor, Hirudidae 14 ekor, Glossiphoniidae 22 ekor, Syrphidae 1 ekor, Gomphidae 1 ekor, Coanagrionidae 3 ekor dan Gammaridae 1 ekor dan di perairan Ranu Regulo terdiri dari: Coanagrionidae 50 ekor, Aeshnidae 5 ekor dan Asselidae 5 ekor. Keanekaragaman di perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo tergolong rendah. Nilai Indeks keanekaragaman di perairan Ranu Pani 0,98 dan di perairan Ranu Regulo 0,57. Indeks dominansi di perairan Ranu Pani 0,51 dan di peairan Ranu Regulo 0,71. Kondisi perairan berdasarkan bioindikator makrozoobentos di perairan Ranu Pani tergolong tercemar sedang sampai tercemar dan di perairan Ranu Regulo tergolong tercemar sedang. Kondisi kedua perairan berdasarkan indeks keanekaragaman tergolong tercamar berat. Analisis faktor fisika–kimia (berdasarkan PP.No.82.thn.2001 tentang Baku Mutu Air) terhadap pengukuran pH (kecuali pH di stasiun IV perairan Ranu Regulo tergolong air kelas IV), DO, BOD, COD, nitrat, TSS (kecuali TSS di stasiun II, IV, V perairan Ranu Pani layak untuk air kelas III), dan TDS menunjukkan bahwa perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo termasuk air kelas II dan III. Analisis fosfat menunjukkan bahwa perairan Ranu Pani dan Ranu Regulo termasuk air kelas III.

ENGLISH:

Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo are lake that including to intensive beneficial zone at Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (TN.BTS). Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo are 2.200 m dpl and 1 ha and 0.75 ha. The water from both of lake is used as tourism object, farming, baths livestock and fishing object. The activities of resident and visitor around the lakes are giving influence to watering quality. The objectives of this research are to know about the macrozoobenthos biodiversity as bioindicator of Ranu Pani-Ranu Regulo watering quality TN.BTS and to know about the watering quality by evaluated the physics and chemical factor.

The research was done in TN.BTS at Mei 2011-Juni 2011. This research was quantitative descriptive by Purposif Random Sampling methods. The example was taken by using Ekman dredge and by hands. The examples were identified in Ecology and Optic laboratories, Biology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim of Malang.

The results of macrozoobenthos research in Ranu Pani were consisted by 93 bulimidae, 14 Hirudidae, 22 Glossiphoniidae, 1 Syrphidae, 1 Gomphidae, 3 Coanagrionidae, and 1 Gammaridae. The macrozoobenthos in Ranu Regulo watering were consisted by 50 Coanagrionidae, 5 Aeshnidae and 5 Asselidae. The biodiversity in Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo watering were low. Biodiversity Index value in Ranu Pani was 0,98 and 0,57 in Ranu Regulo. Dominan Index value in Ranu Pani was 0,51 and 0,71 in Ranu Regulo. The watering condition based on macrozoobenthos as bioindicator in Ranu Pani was medium impure untill impure and medium impure only for Ranu Regulo. The both of watering condition by biodiversity index was high impure. The analys of physics and chemical factor (based on PP.No.82.thn.2001 about standard quality of water) to pH (except pH in station IV at Ranu Regulo watering was including to the fourth class of water), DO, BOD, COD, nitrat, TSS (except TSS in station II, IV, and V at Ranu Pani watering was including to the third class of water), and TDS measurement indicated that Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo watering were including as the second and third class of water. The analys of phosphate showed that Ranu Pani and Ranu Regulo watering were including as third class of water.