Kewenangan TNI dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan Desa melalui Tentara Manunggal Membangun Desa berdasarkan Undang-undang TNI No. 3 tahun 2025 perspektif Siyasah Dusturiyah

INDONESIA:

Program Tentara Manunggal Membangun Desa (TMMD) merupakan bentuk kerja sama antara Tentara Nasional Indonesia (TNI) dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam mempercepat pembangunan desa, pemberdayaan masyarakat, dan memperkuat ketahanan wilayah. Namun, pasca revisi Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2025 tentang TNI, perluasan kewenangan TNI melalui Operasi Militer Selain Perang (OMSP) berpotensi menimbulkan tumpang tindih kewenangan dengan Pemerintah Daerah sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Selain itu, TMMD belum diatur secara eksplisit dalam peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga menimbulkan kekaburan hukum terkait pembagian kewenangan antara TNI dan Pemerintah Daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kewenangan TNI dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pelaksanaan TMMD serta menelaah harmonisasi kewenangan kedua institusi berdasarkan perspektif Siyasah Dusturiyah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual, serta dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan TNI dalam TMMD memperoleh legitimasi melalui ketentuan OMSP dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2025, sedangkan Pemerintah Daerah memiliki kewenangan utama dalam pembangunan daerah berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014. Namun, belum adanya pengaturan khusus mengenai TMMD menyebabkan kekaburan hukum dan berpotensi menimbulkan tumpang tindih kewenangan, khususnya dalam bidang pembangunan desa, pelaksanaan kegiatan fisik, dan penentuan prioritas program pembangunan. Dalam perspektif Siyasah Dusturiyah, harmonisasi kewenangan TNI dan Pemerintah Daerah belum berjalan optimal karena belum sepenuhnya mencerminkan prinsip amanah, keadilan (‘adl), dan musyawarah (syura). Meskipun demikian, program TMMD tetap mencerminkan prinsip maslahah karena memberikan manfaat nyata bagi pembangunan desa dan kesejahteraan Masyarakat.

ENGLISH:

The Integrated Armed Forces Village Development Program (Tentara Manunggal Membangun Desa—TMMD) is a collaborative program between the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) and Regional Governments aimed at accelerating rural development, empowering local communities, and strengthening territorial resilience. However, following the enactment of Law Number 3 of 2025 concerning the Indonesian National Armed Forces, the expansion of TNI authority through Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) has the potential to create overlapping authorities with Regional Governments as regulated under Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government. In addition, TMMD has not been explicitly regulated at the statutory level, resulting in a legal vacuum regarding the division of authority between the TNI and Regional Governments. This study aims to analyze the regulation of TNI and Regional Government authority in the implementation of TMMD and to examine the harmonization of authority between the two institutions following the revision of the TNI Law in 2025 from the perspective of Siyasah Dusturiyah. This research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches and is analyzed through a qualitative descriptive method. The findings indicate that the TNI's authority in TMMD derives its legitimacy from the provisions on Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW) under Law Number 3 of 2025, while Regional Governments retain primary authority over regional development pursuant to Law Number 23 of 2014. Nevertheless, the absence of specific regulations governing TMMD has created a legal vacuum and the potential for overlapping authorities, particularly in rural development, the implementation of physical development projects, and the determination of development priorities. From the perspective of Siyasah Dusturiyah, the harmonization of authority between the TNI and Regional Governments has not been fully optimized, as it does not entirely reflect the principles of amanah (trustworthiness), ‘adl (justice), and shura (deliberation). Despite these challenges, TMMD continues to embody the principle of maslahah (public welfare) by providing tangible benefits for rural development and community well-being.