Perancangan resort dengan pendekatan eco-cultural di kawasan Mandalika

INDONESIA:

Perancangan resort di Kawasan Tanjung Aan, Mandalika, dilatarbelakangi oleh meningkatnya potensi pariwisata yang belum sepenuhnya diimbangi dengan penyediaan akomodasi berkelanjutan yang mampu merespons isu lingkungan pesisir dan pelestarian budaya Sasak. Kawasan ini menghadapi berbagai permasalahan seperti berkurangnya vegetasi pesisir, potensi abrasi, pengelolaan sampah yang belum optimal, serta pergeseran identitas budaya lokal akibat perkembangan pariwisata. Oleh karena itu, perancangan ini bertujuan menghadirkan resort bintang lima dengan pendekatan eco-cultural yang mengintegrasikan keberlanjutan ekologis, penguatan identitas budaya Sasak, dan kebutuhan wisata modern. Metode yang digunakan adalah Eco-Cultural Design berdasarkan teori Guy dan Farmer yang dipadukan dengan nilai-nilai Islam dari Q.S. Al-A'raf ayat 56 dan Q.S. An-Nahl ayat 80 sebagai landasan etis dalam menjaga keseimbangan alam dan pemanfaatan sumber daya lokal. Hasil kajian diterjemahkan ke dalam konsep “Mangku” yang berarti menjaga, merawat, dan memelihara melalui strategi Tataq, Raras, Jagaq, dan Semari. Konsep tersebut diwujudkan melalui penataan massa mengikuti kontur tapak, zonasi ruang publik, semi publik, dan privat, penggunaan material lokal, penerapan ventilasi dan pencahayaan alami, sistem pengelolaan air dan limbah, serta penyediaan ruang budaya berupa amphiteater, galeri seni, dan souvenir market. Hasil perancangan menunjukkan bahwa resort tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai fasilitas akomodasi dan rekreasi, tetapi juga sebagai sarana pelestarian budaya dan penguatan hubungan manusia dengan lingkungan pesisir melalui penerapan lanskap berbasis vegetasi endemik, jalur pedestrian permeabel, bangunan adaptif terhadap kondisi tapak, serta ruang komunal budaya yang mendukung terciptanya arsitektur berkelanjutan dan kontekstual di Kawasan Mandalika.

ENGLISH:

The design of a resort in the Tanjung Aan area of Mandalika is motivated by the growing tourism potential, which has not yet been fully supported by sustainable accommodations capable of addressing coastal environmental issues and preserving Sasak culture. This area faces various challenges, such as the loss of coastal vegetation, the risk of coastal erosion, suboptimal waste management, and a shift in local cultural identity due to tourism development. Therefore, this design aims to create a five-star resort using an eco-cultural approach that integrates ecological sustainability, the strengthening of Sasak cultural identity, and the needs of modern tourism. The method employed is Eco-Cultural Design based on the theories of Guy and Farmer, combined with Islamic values from Quranic verses Al-A’raf 56 and An-Nahl 80 as an ethical foundation for maintaining ecological balance and the sustainable use of local resources. The results of the study were translated into the concept of “Mangku,” which means to guard, care for, and preserve through the strategies of Tataq, Raras, Jagaq, and Semari. This concept is realized through massing that follows the site’s contours, the zoning of public, semi-public, and private spaces, the use of local materials, the incorporation of natural ventilation and lighting, water and wastewater management systems, and the provision of cultural spaces such as an amphitheater, an art gallery, and a souvenir market. The design results demonstrate that the resort functions not only as an accommodation and recreational facility but also as a means of cultural preservation and strengthening the relationship between people and the coastal environment through the implementation of landscapes based on endemic vegetation, permeable pedestrian paths, buildings adapted to site conditions, and cultural communal spaces that support the creation of sustainable and contextual architecture in the Mandalika area.

ARABIC:

ﺄﺗﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺎﻧﺠﻮﻧﻎ آن، ﻣﺎﻧﺪاﻟﻴﻜﺎ، ﻓﻲ ﻇﻞ ﺗﺰاﻳﺪ اﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻘﺎﺑﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ أﻣﺎﻛﻦ إﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪاﻣﺔ ﻗﺎدرة ﻋﲆ اﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ واﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺳﺎك. ﺗﻮاﺟﻪ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻼت ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻘﻠﺺ اﻟﻐﻄﺎء اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲ، واﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﺣﺪوث اﻟﺘﺂﻛﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲ، وإدارة اﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎت ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﺜﲆ، ﻓﻀﻼ ً ﻋﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ اﻟﻬﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ. وﻟﺬﻟﻚ، ﻳﻬﺪف ﻫﺬا اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ إﱃ إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻨﺘﺠﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺔ اﻟﺨﻤﺲ ﻧﺠﻮم ﺑﻨﻬﺞ ﺑﻴﺌﻲ-ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻲ ﻳﺪﻣﺞ اﻻﺳﺘﺪاﻣﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ، وﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ اﻟﻬﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﺒﻴﻠﺔ ﺳﺎﺳﺎك، واﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎت اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ. اﻟﻤﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻫﻲ »اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ-اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ« اﺳﺘﻨﺎدًا إﱃ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻏﺎي وﻓﺎرﻣﺮ، ﻣﻘﺘﺮﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﻢ اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺪة ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮرة اﻷﻋﺮاف اﻵﻳﺔ ٥٦ وﺳﻮرة اﻟﻨﺤﻞ اﻵﻳﺔ ٨٠ ﻛﺄﺳﺎس أﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ ﺗﻮازن اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ واﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎدة ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻮارد اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ. وﻗﺪ ﺗ ُﺮﺟﻤﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ إﱃ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم »ﻣﺎﻧﻐﻜﻮ« اﻟﺬي ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ واﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ واﻟﺤﻔﻆ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎت »ﺗﺎﺗﺎق« و»راراس« و»ﺟﺎق« و»ﺳﻴﻤﺎري«. وﻗﺪ ﺗﺠﺴﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻔﻬﻮم ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﻞ اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻀﺎرﻳﺲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ، وﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت إﱃ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ وﺷﺒﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ، واﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ، وﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ اﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ واﻹﺿﺎءة اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ، وﻧﻈﺎم إدارة اﻟﻤﻴﺎه واﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎت، ﻓﻀﻼ ً ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺮح اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮح، وﻣﻌﺮض اﻟﻔﻨﻮن، وﺳﻮق اﻟﻬﺪاﻳﺎ اﻟﺘﺬﻛﺎرﻳﺔ. ﺗ ُﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ أن اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﻊ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ دوره ﻋﲆ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺮﻓﻘً ﺎ ﻟﻺﻗﺎﻣﺔ واﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻪ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ، ﺑﻞ ﻳُﻌﺪ أﻳﻀً ﺎ وﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ وﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻇﺮ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﲆ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻃﻨﺔ، وﻣﺴﺎرات اﻟﻤﺸﺎة اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺎذ، واﻟﻤﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻜﻴﻔﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻇﺮوف اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ، ﻓﻀﻼ ً ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺎت .اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ إﻳﺠﺎد ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺪاﻣﺔ وﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺎق ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺎﻧﺪاﻟﻴﻜﺎ