New face of Karimunjawa : Dewadaru Airport terminal design with a Symbo-Tropic Architecture Design Approach

ABSTRAK:

andara Dewadaru di Karimunjawa menghadapi tantangan terkait kurangnya eksistensi sebagai gerbang utama kawasan, serta keharusan untuk merespons kondisi iklim tropis laut yang spesifik. Terminal eksisting saat ini belum mampu tampil menonjol maupun beradaptasi secara optimal dengan lingkungan pesisir sekitarnya. Oleh karena itu, perancangan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan eksistensi Bandara Dewadaru agar tidak sekadar berfungsi sebagai fasilitas transit, melainkan hadir sebagai landmark dan identitas arsitektur baru di Karimunjawa. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, digunakan pendekatan gabungan antara arsitektur simbolik dan arsitektur tropis (symbo-tropic architecture). Pendekatan ini diimplementasikan melalui strategi integratif yang memadukan eksplorasi bentuk simbolik berbasis narasi lokal, yakni interpretasi elemen layar kapal dan dinamika laut dengan penerapan prinsip bangunan tanggap iklim tropis laut. Strategi iklim difokuskan pada optimasi orientasi, ventilasi silang, elemen peneduh, dan pencahayaan alami untuk menekan beban energi. Metode perancangan meliputi analisis tapak berbasis iklim, studi preseden terminal bandara tropis, serta kurasi simbol budaya dan alam lokal untuk merumuskan penerapan genius loci kawasan. Proses tersebut kemudian diturunkan ke dalam eksplorasi transformasi bentuk dan ruang guna menghubungkan aspek performatif bangunan dengan nilai simboliknya. Hasil perancangan menunjukkan bahwa perpaduan arsitektur simbolik dan tropis mampu menghasilkan bentuk arsitektural yang berkarakter kuat dan merepresentasikan citra baru kawasan, sekaligus adaptif terhadap tantangan iklim pesisir, mengoptimalkan kenyamanan termal, serta efisiensi energi. Dengan demikian, Bandara Dewadaru berhasil mengukuhkan eksistensinya sebagai representasi identitas Karimunjawa yang selaras dengan konteks lingkungan dan budaya.

ABSTRACT:

Dewadaru Airport in Karimunjawa faces challenges related to its lack of presence as the region's main gateway, as well as the need to respond to the specific tropical marine climate conditions. The existing terminal is unable to stand out or optimally adapt to the surrounding coastal environment. Therefore, this design aims to enhance the presence of Dewadaru Airport so that it functions beyond merely as a transit facility, but also as a new landmark and architectural identity in Karimunjawa. To achieve this goal, a combined approach of symbolic architecture and tropical architecture (symbo-tropic architecture) was used. This approach is implemented through an integrative strategy that combines the exploration of symbolic forms based on local narratives, namely the interpretation of ship sail elements and sea dynamics with the application of tropical marine climate-responsive building principles. The climate strategy focuses on optimizing orientation, cross-ventilation, shading elements, and natural lighting to reduce energy loads. The design method includes a climate-based site analysis, a study of tropical airport terminal precedents, and a curation of local cultural and natural symbols to formulate the application of the region's genius loci. This process then cascades into an exploration of the transformation of form and space to connect the performative aspects of the building with its symbolic value. The design results demonstrate that the combination of symbolic and tropical architecture is capable of producing an architectural form with strong character and representing a new image of the region, while also adapting to the challenges of the coastal climate, optimizing thermal comfort, and energy efficiency. Thus, Dewadaru Airport has successfully established its existence as a representation of Karimunjawa's identity that is in harmony with the environmental and cultural context

مستخلص البحث:

ﻮاﺟﻪ اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ أو اﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻋلى ﻗﺎدر ﻏﻴﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﻲ ﻓﺎﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ .اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ اﻟﻈﺮوف ﻣﻊ اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺘﺠﺎوز دﻳﻮادارو ﻣﻄﺎر ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ إلى اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬا ﻳﻬﺪف ﻟﺬا، .اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻊ اﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﻢ اﻟﻬﺪف، ﻫﺬا وﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ .ﻛﺎرﻳﻤﻮﻧﺠﺎوا ﻓﻲ ﻣﻤﻴﺰة ﻣﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ وﻫﻮﻳﺔ ً ﺑﺎرزا ً ﻣﻌﻠﻤﺎ ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﻋﺒﻮر، ﻣﺤﻄﺔ ﻣﺠﺮد اﻟﻨﻬﺞ ﻫﺬا وﻳُﻄﺒﱠﻖ .(اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة) اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ واﻟﻌﻤﺎرة اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة ﺑﻴﻦ ﻳﺠﻤﻊ ٍ ﻧﻬﺞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻲ، اﻟﺘﺮاث ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﺣﺎة اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ اﻷﺷﻜﺎل اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف ﺑﻴﻦ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻠﻴﺔ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺧﻼل ﻣﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎخ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺠﻴﺒﺔ اﻟﺒﻨﺎء ﻣﺒﺎدئ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ، ودﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺎت اﻟﺴﻔﻦ أﺷﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻔﺴﻴﺮ ً وﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪا اﻟﺘﻈﻠﻴﻞ وﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﺔ واﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﻋلى اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ وﺗﺮﻛﺰ .اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻲ اﻟﺒﺤﺮي اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ، ﻋلى ﻗﺎﺋﻤًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻗﻊ ً ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻼ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ .اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﺳﺘﻬﻼك ﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ واﻹﺿﺎءة واﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﻣﻮز دﻗﻴﻘًﺎ واﺧﺘﻴﺎرًا اﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ، اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻄﺎرات ﻟﻤﺤﻄﺎت ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻧﻤﺎذج ودراﺳﺔ واﻟﻔﻀﺎء اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺗﺤﻮل اﺳﺘﻜﺸﺎف ﻟﺘﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﺬه ﺗﺘﻄﻮر ﺛﻢ .اﻟﻤﻜﺎن روح ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ اﻟﻤﺤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﺎرة ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ أن اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗُﻈﻬﺮ .اﻟﺮﻣﺰﻳﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ اﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺠﻮاﻧﺐ ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ، ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﺻﻮرة ﻳُﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻤﻴﺰ، ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ذي ﻣﻌﻤﺎري ﺷﻜﻞ إﻧﺘﺎج ﻋلى ﻗﺎدر واﻻﺳﺘﻮاﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻄﺎر ﻧﺠﺢ وﻫﻜﺬا، .اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ وﻛﻔﺎءة اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ، اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ وﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲ، اﻟﻤﻨﺎخ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺎت ﻣﻊ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ واﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ اﻟﺴﻴﺎق ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻏﻤًﺎ ﻛﺎرﻳﻤﻮﻧﺠﺎوا، ﻟﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﻤﺜﻞ وﺟﻮده ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺦ ﻓﻲ دﻳﻮادارو