Hubungan obesitas abdominal dengan kadar kolesterol total pada jemaah haji Embarkasi Surabaya

INDONESIA:

Jemaah haji menghadapi tantangan fisik dan lingkungan ekstrem yang memicu perburukan penyakit tidak menular. Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular yang masih menjadi penyebab utama kematian pada jemaah haji Indonesia. Pemeriksaan kolesterol darah bersifat invasif, sehingga diperlukan alternatif metode skrining yang lebih sederhana. Obesitas abdominal yang mencerminkan penumpukan lemak visceral di rongga perut, memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan peningkatan kadar kolesterol total dan berpotensi menjadi indikator non-invasif untuk deteksi dini hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain cross sectional ini melibatkan 106 jemaah haji yang dipilih secara consecutive sampling. Data diperoleh melalui pengukuran lingkar pinggang dan pemeriksaan kadar kolesterol total darah tepi. Analisis hubungan dilakukan dengan uji chi-square pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi obesitas abdominal sebesar 54,72% dan hiperkolesterolemia 66,04%. Pada kelompok jemaah dengan obesitas abdominal, sebanyak 77,6% memiliki kadar kolesterol total tinggi (hiperkolesterolemia), sedangkan 22,4% memiliki kadar kolesterol normal. Uji chi-square menunjukkan hubungan bermakna antara obesitas abdominal dan kadar kolesterol total (p = 0,006). Analisis menunjukkan jemaah dengan obesitas abdominal berisiko 3,19 kali lebih tinggi mengalami hiperkolesterolemia dibandingkan yang tidak obesitas abdominal (95% CI: 1,38–7,36). Obesitas abdominal terbukti berhubungan dengan peningkatan kadar kolesterol total dan dapat digunakan sebagai metode skrining non-invasif yang akurat dan sederhana dalam mendeteksi dini risiko hiperkolesterolemia.

ENGLISH:

Hajj pilgrims face extreme physical and environmental challenges that can exacerbate non-communicable diseases. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and remains a leading cause of death among Indonesian Hajj pilgrims. Blood cholesterol testing is invasive; therefore, an alternative and simpler screening method is needed. Abdominal obesity, which reflects visceral fat accumulation in the abdominal cavity, is closely associated with elevated total cholesterol levels and has the potential to serve as a non-invasive indicator for early detection of hypercholesterolemia. This observational analytical study employed a cross-sectional design and involved 106 Hajj pilgrims selected through consecutive sampling. Data were obtained through waist circumference measurements and peripheral blood total cholesterol tests. The association between variables was analyzed using the chi-square test at a 5% significance level. The results of this study show that the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 54.72%, and hypercholesterolemia was 66.04%. Among pilgrims with abdominal obesity, 77.6% had high total cholesterol levels (hypercholesterolemia), while 22.4% had normal levels. The chi-square test revealed a significant association between abdominal obesity and total cholesterol levels (p = 0.006). Further analysis showed that pilgrims with abdominal obesity were 3.19 times more likely to experience hypercholesterolemia compared to those without abdominal obesity (95% CI: 1.38–7.36). Abdominal obesity is significantly associated with elevated total cholesterol levels and can be utilized as an accurate and simple non-invasive screening method for early detection of hypercholesterolemia risk.