Uji aktivitas antibiofilm dekok daun kemangi (Ocimum citriodorum) terhadap bakteri Salmonella typhimurium

INDONESIA:

Latar Belakang: Salmonellosis merupakan infeksi saluran pencernaan akibat Salmonella, yang umumnya ditularkan melalui makanan terkontaminasi. Secara global, penyakit ini menyebabkan sekitar 93 juta kasus dan 155.000 kematian setiap tahun, dengan insidensi di Indonesia mencapai 181 kasus per 100.000 penduduk. Salah satu agen penyebab utama adalah Salmonella typhimurium, yang memiliki faktor virulensi dan kemampuan membentuk biofilm yang meningkatkan resistensi antibiotik, termasuk multidrug resistance (MDR). Tantangan dalam pengobatan berbasis biofilm mendorong pencarian alternatif alami. Daun kemangi (Ocimum citriodorum) mengandung senyawa bioaktif seperti flavonoid, tanin, terpenoid, dan alkaloid yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibiofilm. Tujuan Penelitian: Menguji potensi dekok daun kemangi sebagai agen antibiofilm terhadap S. typhimurium. Metode: Desain penelitian menggunakan true experimental dengan perlakuan berbagai konsentrasi dekok (50%, 25%, 12,5%, dan 6,25%). Aktivitas antibiofilm diuji melalui tiga pendekatan: penghambatan perlekatan awal, pertumbuhan biofilm, dan penghancuran biofilm matang, menggunakan metode microtiter biofilm assay. Hasil: Dekok daun kemangi menunjukkan aktivitas antibiofilm pada seluruh tahap uji, meliputi penghambatan pembentukan, pertumbuhan, serta penghancuran biofilm matang. Terdapat variasi efektivitas antar konsentrasi yang kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh faktor teknis. Kesimpulan: Dekok daun kemangi (Ocimum citriodorum) memiliki aktivitas antibiofilm terhadap Salmonella typhimurium, terutama dalam menghambat pertumbuhan biofilm, sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai agen antibiofilm alami.

ENGLISH:

Background: Salmonellosis is a gastrointestinal infection caused by Salmonella, primarily transmitted through contaminated food. It accounts for an estimated 93 million cases and 155,000 deaths annually worldwide, with an incidence rate of 181 cases per 100,000 population in Indonesia. One of the main causative agents is Salmonella typhimurium, which possesses various virulence factors and has the ability to form biofilms. These structures significantly contribute to antibiotic resistance, including multidrug resistance (MDR). Due to increasing challenges associated with biofilm-related infections, natural alternatives are being explored. Basil leaves (Ocimum citriodorum) contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which are known for their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Objective: To evaluate the potential of basil leaf decoction as an antibiofilm agent against S. typhimurium. Methods: A true experimental design was employed, with treatment groups receiving decoctions at various concentrations (50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%). Antibiofilm activity was assessed through three approaches: inhibition of initial adhesion, suppression of biofilm development, and disruption of mature biofilms using a microtiter biofilm assay. Results: The basil leaf decoction demonstrated antibiofilm activity at all stages of testing, including inhibition of formation, growth, and destruction of mature biofilms. Variations in activity across concentrations were observed, possibly due to technical factors.Conclusion: The basil leaf (Ocimum citriodorum) decoction exhibits antibiofilm activity against Salmonella typhimurium, particularly in inhibiting biofilm growth, suggesting its potential as a natural antibiofilm agent..