Sanksi hukum terhadap talak di luar Pengadilan Agama: Studi perbandingan pandangan akademisi hukum positif dan akademisi hukum Islam di Kota Malang

INDONESIA:

Talak di luar Pengadilan Agama merupakan hal yang dianggap wajar oleh beberapa kalangan. Padahal tindakan tersebut bertentangan dengan Undang-undang No. 1 tahun 1974 pasal 39 yang mengandung pesan moral bahwa perceraian hanya dapat dilakukan di depan sidang Pengadilan. Bahkan dalam pasal tersebut terdapat klausul perceraian dapat terjadi setelah Pengadilan yang bersangkutan berusaha mendamaikan kedua belah pihak. Berdasarkan ambiguitas tersebut peneliti melihat perlu memunculkan ijtihad baru berupa pemberian sanksi bagi pelaku talak di luar Pengadilan Agama. Peneliti melihat kesenjangan antara akademisi hukum positif dan hukum Islam dalam hal pemberian sanksi bagi pelaku talak di luar sidang Pengadilan Agama. Akademisi hukum positif yang cenderung prosedural dalam memandang perundang-undangan Negara dan akademisi hukum Islam yang konsisten dalam memegang norma-norma yang diajarkan agamanya, terkait dengan norma keadilan, menjaga kehormatan dan perlindungan terhadap sesama, maka peneliti bertujuan untuk mengakomodir pendapat mereka, terutama dalam masalah pemberian sanksi bagi pelaku talak di luar Pengadilan Agama.

Peneliti menggunakan jenis penelitian lapangan (field research). Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif, dan sumber data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan akademisi hukum positif dan akademisi hukum Islam di kota Malang. Fokus dalam penelitian mencakup tiga hal, antara lain kedudukan sanksi dalam masalah talak di luar Pengadilan Agama menurut hukum Islam, pandangan akademisi hukum positif dan akademisi hukum Islam di Kota Malang tentang sanksi talak di luar Pengadilan Agama. Dalam tesis ini peneliti menemukan hasil penelitian bahwa pemberian sanksi hukum terhadap talak di luar Pengadilan Agama berkedudukan sebagai penguat Undang-undang dan nas} dalam al-Qur’an, hal ini sebagai pencegah agar tidak terjadi banyaknya perceraian yang esensinya dibenci Allah. Peneliti memilih sanksi hukum adalah pilihan tepat untuk diberikan kepada pelaku talak di luar Pengadilan Agama, berupa sanksi hukum larangan untuk melakukan pernikahan baru. Selain itu sanki denda yang mampu menimbulkan efek jera bagi pelaku talak di luar Pengadilan Agama, sehingga seseorang akan melakukan talak di hadapan sidang Pengadilan Agama, dan juga taat terhadap administrasi yang telah diatur oleh Pemerintah.

ENGLISH:

Divorce out of court Religion is considered reasonable by some circles. But, actually that action is contrary to the Act No. 1 of 1974 article 39 that containing a moral message that divorce only be done in front of the Court of Session. Even in the article there is a clause of divorce mayhappen after the relevant Court attempted to reconcile the two sides. The researchers see the ambiguity based on need a new form of ijtihad gave rise to sanctions for perpetrators of Religious divorce out of court. The researcher found a gap between positive academics law and Islamic law in terms of sanctions for perpetrators of divorce court hearings outside of religion. Positiveacademics who tend to look at the procedural legislation State and academia of Islamic law which is consistent in holding norms taught religion, associated with the norms of Justice, honor and protection against each other, the researchers aim to accommodate their opinion, especially in the matter of sanctions for perpetrators of Religious divorce out of court.

The researcher usingfield research type because the research was did in the field. This research is descriptive, and the data sourceobtained from the results of interviews with academics positive law and academics Islamic law in Malang. The focus in this research are includes three ways, that are the position of the sanctions in the matter of divorce out of court Religion according to Islamic law, academics positive law view and Islamic academics law view in Malang, about divorce out of court sanction of religion. In this thesis, the researcher found the results of this research that is the sanctions law against divorce out of court Religion serves as reinforcement of laws and nas} in the Qur'an, it is as a deterrent so that doesn't happen as much divorce politico hated God. The researchers choosethe legal sanction is the correct choice to given to perpetrators of Religious divorce out of court, legal sanctions in the form of a prohibition to perform a new marriage. In addition to fine sanctions that are capable of inflicting deterrent effect to offenders of religious divorce, out of court, so that someone will do a divorce before the trial Court religion, and also obedient to the Administration that have been arrange by the government.