Fajri, Muhammad (2017) Diskresi hakim pada dispensasi perkawinan di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang Tahun 2015: Perspektif maṣlaḥah mursalah Imam Al-Ghazali. Masters thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.
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Abstract
INDONESIA:
Peningkatan perkara dispensasi kawin di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang pada tahun 2015 yang mencapai 450 perkara, membuktikan tingginya praktik perkawinan di bawah umur di wilayah Kabupaten Malang yang disebabkan pergaulan bebas yang tak mengenal batas. Selain itu, tidak rincinya pengaturan dispensasi kawin dalam UU Perkawinan menuntut hakim untuk berdiskresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan faktor-faktor penyebab tingginya perkara dispensasi kawin di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang tahun 2015 dan menganalisis diskresi hakim dalam pertimbangan hukum dispensasi kawin di Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang perspektif maṣlaḥah mursalah Imam al-Ghazali.
Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian hukum empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan kasus (case approach) dan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data primernya adalah para informan yaitu hakim Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Malang dan sumber data sekundernya adalah dokumen penetapan dispensasi kawin tahun 2015, Kitab al-Mustaṣfā min ‘Ilmi al-Uṣūl karya Imam al-Ghazali, serta literatur terkait lainnya. Teknik analisis data menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif dengan pola pikir induktif. Kemudian menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan teori sebagai metode pengecekan keabsahan data.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Faktor penyebab dispensasi kawin terpusat pada masalah pergaulan bebas dan perzinaan, terlihat dari alasan permohonannya yaitu kehamilan di luar nikah dan khawatir terjadi perzinaan, yang diperparah dengan keterbatasan kewenangan Pengadilan Agama dalam membendungnya, hakim berada pada posisi dilematis dan tidak berdaya. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah pergaulan bebas yang permisif, adanya peluang dari peraturan perundang-undangan, penurunan peran orang tua, penyalahgunaan teknologi informasi, pendidikan dan pondasi agama yang rendah, serta pengaruh lingkungan dan budaya. (2) Dalam berdiskresi, hakim menggunakan metode interpretasi dan konstruksi hukum, serta merumuskan syarat dispensasi kawin yaitu: tidak adanya halangan untuk menikah; dewasa dalam melakukan perbuatan hukum; dan adanya peran orang tua untuk membimbing dan membina. Dalam perspektif maṣlaḥah mursalah Imam al-Ghazali, hasil diskresi tersebut dinilai memenuhi syarat mula‘imah, dlarūriyyah dan qaṭ‘iyyah dalam upaya melindungi anak yang dikandung dan menutup jalan perzinaan sebagai wujud hifḍ al-nasl yang juga sesuai dengan penerapan asas keadilan bagi pemohon, sedangkan syarat kulliyyah dalam konteks maṣlaḥah ‘āmmah tidak dipertimbangkan. Semakin rendahnya moral masyarakat dengan adanya pelegalan perkawinan di bawah umur akibat perzinaan melalui institusi dispensasi kawin ini, tampaknya tidak dapat dibendung lagi kecuali dilakukan rekonstruksi atau rekonseptualisasi perundang-undangan yang mengatur masalah dispensasi kawin dan perzinaan.
ENGLISH:
An increase in case of marriage dispensation at religious court of Malang district in 2015 which has reached 450 cases, proving the high of underage marriage practices in Malang district which is generally caused by the free association (promiscuity) that knows no limit. No details in the regulation of marriage dispensation in the marriage law demanded the judge to be discrete. This research aims to describe the factors that causes the increase of marriage dispensation at religious court of Malang district in 2015 and to analyze the judge’s discretion in the legal considerations of marriage dispensation at religious court of Malang district with the perspective of maṣlaḥah mursalah Imam al-Ghazali.
This is an empirical juridical type of research that uses a case approach and qualitative approach. The primary data source of this research is the informants namely the judges of religious court at Malang district. And the secondary data source is the stipulation documents of marriage dispensation in 2015, a book of Imam al-Ghazali al-Mustaṣfā min ‘Ilmi al-Uṣūl, as well as other related literatures. For data analysis techniques, using qualitative descriptive with inductive mindset. Then using a triangulation source and theory as a method of checking the validity of the data.
The results showed that (1) the factors that causes the marriage dispensation focused on the problem of free association and adultery, which can be seen from the reasons for filing their petition namely the pregnancy outside of marriage and concern of adultery, which worsened by the limitations of the religious courts authority in repressing it, the judges are in a dilemma and helpless. These factors are a permissive free association, their chances of legislation, a decrease in the parent’s role, a misuse of information technology, the lack of education and religious foundation, as well as environmental and cultural influence. (2) For this discretion, the judge uses the interpretation and construction method, the judge also formulating the requirements of marriage dispensationm which are the absence of impediments to marriage, the maturity in doing legal actions, the role of parents to guide and nurture. According to the consideration of maṣlaḥah mursalah Imam al-Ghazali the result of Judge’s discretion is qualify for the requirement of mula‘imah, dlarūriyyah and qaṭ‘iyyah, in an effort to protect a child that are conceived and to end the adultery, which is a reflection of hifz al-nasl (descent protection), which is also in accordance with the application of the principle of justice for the applicant. While the requirement of kulliyyah in context of maṣlaḥah ‘āmmah is not considered. The more the low morals of society by having an under-age marriage to be legalized due to adultery through the institution of marriage dispensation, which does not seem to be irreversible, unless the reconstruction or reconceptualization of legislation that regulates the issues of marriage dispensation and adultery are executed.
Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) | |||||||||
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Supervisor: | Mahmudi, Zaenul and Kumkelo, Mujaid | |||||||||
Contributors: |
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Keywords: | Diskresi Hakim; Dispensasi Kawin; Maṣlaḥah Mursalah; The Judge’s Discretion; Marriage Dispensation; Maṣlaḥah Mursalah | |||||||||
Departement: | Sekolah Pascasarjana > Program Studi Magister al-Ahwal al-Syakhshiyyah | |||||||||
Depositing User: | Afib Rif'an Nashruddin | |||||||||
Date Deposited: | 11 Feb 2018 18:16 | |||||||||
Last Modified: | 11 Feb 2018 18:16 | |||||||||
URI: | http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/id/eprint/7794 |
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