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Pengaruh terapi ekstrak etanol 96% daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) terhadap deposit pigmen hemozoin dan perdarahan otak pada mencit model yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei ANKA

Mohamad, Fairuz Aqila (2024) Pengaruh terapi ekstrak etanol 96% daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) terhadap deposit pigmen hemozoin dan perdarahan otak pada mencit model yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.

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Abstract

INDONESIA:

Malaria serebral merupakan salah satu bentuk dari malaria berat. Patogenesis khas dari penyakit ini yaitu sitoadherensi dan sekuestrasi yang akan menimbulkan respon imun, obstruksi mikrovaskular otak, hipoksia, kerusakan BBB, dan perdarahan otak. Pada tahap aseksual di dalam eritrosit, parasit mencerna hemoglobin yang kemudian mengalami kristalisasi menghasilkan pigmen malaria atau hemozoin yang bersifat toksik. Terapi malaria yang direkomendasikan saat ini adalah kombinasi berbasis artemisinin, tetapi telah banyak mengalami resistansi sehingga dibutuhkan pengembangan zat baru sebagai kandidat alternatif terapi. Kandungan daun mimba (Azadirachta indica) dinilai memiliki berbagai aktivitas antimalaria yang dapat dijadikan alternatif pengobatan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol 96% daun mimba terhadap deposit pigmen hemozoin dan perdarahan otak pada mencit model yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan BBT jaringan otak mencit C57BL yang telah diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei ANKA. Sampel terbagi atas 6 kelompok: kelompok sehat, kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi ekstrak daun mimba dengan dosis 8 mg, 12 mg, dan 16 mg. Dilakukan pembuatan slide dan pewarnaan HE terhadap BBT jaringan otak yang selanjutnya diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Pengamatan deposit pigmen hemozoin dilakukan dengan perbesaran 1000x, sedangkan pengamatan perdarahan otak menggunakan perbesaran 100x dan kemudian area perdarahan dihitung menggunakan perangkat lunak ImageJ. Hasil pengamatan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Post Hoc Mann Whitney. Hasil: Pemberian ekstrak etanol 96% daun mimba berpengaruh terhadap penurunan deposit pigmen hemozoin dengan dosis 8 mg (p-value 0,213), 12 mg (p-value 0,001), dan 16 mg (p-value 0,000) serta terhadap perdarahan otak dengan dosis 8 mg (p-value 0,520), 12 mg (p-value 0,170), dan 16 mg (p-value 0,454). Kesimpulan: Ekstrak etanol 96% daun mimba dapat menurunkan deposit pigmen hemozoin dan perdarahan otak pada mencit moodel yang diinduksi plasmodium berghei ANKA dengan dosis yang paling berpengaruh sebesar 16 mg.

ENGLISH:

Background: Cerebral malaria is one form of severe malaria. The typical pathogenesis of this disease involves cytoadherence and sequestration, which trigger immune responses, cerebral microvascular obstruction, hypoxia, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and brain hemorrhage. During the asexual stage within erythrocytes, the parasite digests hemoglobin, which then crystallizes to produce malaria pigment or hemozoin, a toxic substance. The currently recommended therapy for malaria is artemisinin-based combination therapy; however, resistance has become widespread, necessitating the development of new compounds as alternative therapeutic candidates. The content of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) is considered to have various antimalarial activities that could serve as alternative treatments. Objective: To determine the effect of 96% ethanol extract of neem leaves on hemozoin pigment deposits and brain hemorrhage in C57BL mice induced with cerebral malaria. Method: This study utilized brain tissue sections (BBT) of C57BL mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA. The samples were divided into six groups: healthy control, positive control, negative control, and treatment groups receiving neem leaf extract at doses of 8 mg, 12 mg, and 16 mg. Brain tissue sections were prepared into slides, stained with HE, and then observed using a light microscope. Hemozoin pigment deposits were observed at 1000x magnification, while brain hemorrhage was observed at 100x magnification, and the hemorrhage area was measured using ImageJ software. Then the results are analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Post Hoc Mann Whitney test. Results: Administration of 96% ethanol extract of neem leaves had an effect on reducing hemozoin pigment deposits at doses of 8 mg (p-value 0.213), 12 mg (p-value 0.001), and 16 mg (p-value 0.000) as well as on brain hemorrhage at doses of 8 mg (p-value 0.520), 12 mg (p-value 0.170), and 16 mg (p-value 0.454). Conclusion: The 96% ethanol extract of neem leaves reduces hemozoin pigment deposits and brain hemorrhage in C57BL mice induced with cerebral malaria.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Supervisor: Rahmah, Zainabur and Baraja, Sakinah
Keywords: malaria serebral; ekstrak daun mimba; deposit pigmen hemozoin; perdarahan otak; cerebral malaria; neem leaf extract; hemozoin pigment deposits; brain hemorrhage
Subjects: 11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1104 Complementary and Alternative Medicine > 110402 Naturopathy
11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1104 Complementary and Alternative Medicine > 110403 Traditional Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Medicine and Treatments
11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1108 Medical Microbiology > 110803 Medical Parasitology
11 MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES > 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences > 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
Departement: Fakultas Kesehatan dan Ilmu Kedokteran > Jurusan Pendidikan Dokter
Depositing User: Fairuz Aqila Mohamad
Date Deposited: 14 Feb 2025 09:12
Last Modified: 14 Feb 2025 09:13
URI: http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/id/eprint/71850

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