Tinjauan yuridis eksistensi instrument Investor-State Dispute Settlemet (ISDS) dalam Perjanjian Investasi Internasional (PII): Perspektif hukum ekonomi internasional dan al-maslahah

INDONESIA:

Skripsi ini mengangkat isu mengenai peninjauan kembali atas eksistensi Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) dalam Perjanjian Investasi Internasional yang terdapat dalam Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs). Isu eksistensi dan urgensi ISDS saat ini telah memicu perdebatan mengingat banyaknya gugatan yang diajukan oleh korporasi (MNC/TNC) yang dalam hal ini sebagai investor kepada negara tuan rumah (host state) yang dianggap merugikan host state dalam menjalankan kebijakan di negaranya. Dalam Hukum Internasional publik, pada prinsipnya setiap sengketa yang bukan antar negara/ State-Stae Dispute Settlement (SSDS), termasuk investasi asing diselesaikan dengan jalur diplomatik. Tetapi dengan adanya ISDS maka investor dapat menggugat host state secara langsung ke Badan Abitrase Internasional berdasarkan BITs yang dibuat oleh home state dengan host state tersebut. Inilah yang membuat host state perlu mengkaji lagi penggunaan instrument ISDS dalam Perjanjian Investasi Internasional, yang nantinya berupa kritik ataupun apresiasi.

Eksistensi ISDS ini juga menarik dalam kajian Hukum Islam, yang dalam hal ini beraspek muamalah. Tetapi masalah ISDS ini tidak terdapat dalam ketentuan baik secara eksplist maupun implisit dalam nash baik al-Quran dan al-Hadis. Sehingga diperlukan ijtihad untuk dapat mengistinbatkan hukum (rechvinding) agar dapat menemukan hukumnya melalui konsep al-maslahah, dalam konsep maqasid syariah khususnya dengan memakai pendekatan Najmuddin al-Tufi.

ENGLISH:

This research pose an issue concerning of reviewing the existence and urgency of Investor State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) which are accommodated in International Investment Agreements contained in Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITS). The issue of the existence and urgency of the current ISDS has sparked an intense debate considering a lot of a lawsuit filed by the corporation (MNC / TNC) which in this case as an investor to the host state were considered detrimental to the them in running the domestic policy well. Principally, In Public International Law, every dispute is not between countries / State-Stae Dispute Settlement (SSDs), including foreign investment is resolved by diplomatic means. However, through the ISDS instrument investor can sue the host state directly to International Abitrase Forum by BITs which is made by home state with the host state previously. This ground makes the host state should reassess of employing the ISDS instrument in International Investment Agreements, which in turn triggering of criticism or appreciation.

ISDS existence is also appealing in Islamic law study, where in this case has muamalah aspect. But the ISDS provisions matter either explicitly or implicitly is not there in the texts of both al-Quran and al-Hadith. So, we need to be able to finding the law (istinbat/rechvinding) by ijtihad in order to find the law through the concept of al-maslahah, particularly by employing the concept of maqasid syariah of Najmuddin al-Tufi perspective.