Properties of conversational implicatures on Iran nuclear deal interview 2015

INDONESIA:

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana cirri-ciri implikatur percakapan digunakan dalam wawancara PerjanjianNuklir Iran (PNI). Penelitian ini sangat penting untuk dilaksanakan karena dua hal; untuk memastikan apakah ujaran termasuk implikatur percakapan atau implikatur konvensional dan menyediakan interpretasi tentang maksud tersembunyi dari implikatur.Selain itu, wawancara tersebut dipilih sebagai subjek studi ini karena implikatur percakapan dalam wacana politik lebih kompleks daripada implikatur percakapan dalam pembicaraan sehari-hari. Kemudian, pewawancaranya sering bicara sarkastik sedangkan yang diwawancarai sering menghindari pertanyaan dan menjawab pertanyaan secara berlebihan yang kesemuanya diujarakan melalui implikatur percakapan.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif karena datanya berbentuk ujaran. Kemudian, penelitian ini deskriptif karena menggambarkan cirri-ciri implikatur percakapan dalam wawancara PNI. Sementara itu, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah Pragmatik karena data berhubungan dengan level makna yang berbeda yang berkenaan dengan asumsi yang pemicara dan pendengar bawa pada kesempatan bicara. Disamping itu teori yang digunakan oleh teori CIP Grice (1975.

Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan universality terdapat di data karena ia menghasilkan makna yang beragam jika dilihat dari konteks dan latar belakang wawasan. Reinforcibility muncul karena data dibuat eksplisit.Tapi yang dibuat eksplisit bukan pesannya melainkan aspek leksikalnya. Non-conventionality muncul di data karena data diiterpretasi menurut konteknya. Tetapi, konteks tersebut belum bias menentukan pesan dari data. Calculability ada karena data butuh proses interpretasi untuk memahami pesan tersembunyinya. Non-detacebility muncul karena jika kata di data diganti dengan sinonimnya, pesannya tetap akan sama. Defeasibility ada jika data tidak konsisten dengan latar belakang wawasan.

Selanjutnya, disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk memilih grup belanja online karena komentarp rodusen dan pelanggan mungkin mengandung CIP yang bervariasi. Selain itu juga disarankan memilih parasiswa sekolah ekspatriat untyk menjadi subject. Hal itu karena perbedaan budaya mereka mungkin mengandung CIP tertentu. Disamping itu, disarankan untuk menggunakan observasi partisipan agar memungkinkan memeroleh konteks yang mendalam.

ENGLISH:

This study examines how the properties of conversational implicature are produced by the interviewer and the interviewee on Iran Nuclear Deal interview (IND). It is crucial to undertake due to two points; to ensure whether certain utterance is either conventional implicature or conversational implicature and providing interpretation about the implicature’s intended message. Meanwhile, IND interview is involved as the subject since this speech event is about politics in which conversational implicature in political conversation is more complex than that in daily conversation. Secondly, the interviewer often proposed sarcastic questions revealed using conversational implicatures. Thirdly, the interviewee often used conversational implicatures when avoiding particular questions and conveying verbose replies.

This study was qualitative since the data was in the form of utterances. Moreover, this study was descriptive since it described properties of conversational implicature produced by the participants in IND interview. Meanwhile, approach used in this study involved Pragmatics since the data focused on a different level of meaning and contextual framework dealing with the very general assumptions that speaker and hearer brought to every occasion of speaking. Furthermore, theory utilized in this study was properties of conversational implicature proposed by Grice (1975).

Findings of this study demonstrated that universality was discovered in the data since it derived various interpretations if seen from both context and background knowledge. Meanwhile, the data had reinforcibility because it was made explicit. However, the explicated one was its lexical aspect instead of its meaning. The next property, non-conventionality, belonged to the data because it was worked out using its context to find its interpretations. Nonetheless, the contexts did not answer intended messages of the data yet. Moreover, calculability emerged in the data since it required identifiable process of reasoning and calculation. Furthermore, the data had non-detacebility because if a word of the data was replaced with its synonym, its interpretation remained same. The last property, defeasibility existed in the data when the data was inconsistent with background assumptions. Nevertheless, the canceled one was its lexical items rather than its conversational implicature meaning.

Furthermore, the next studies should involve subject in group of online shop because the comments of the seller and the customers in that group may contain various properties of conversational implicature. Moreover, students of expatriate school can be selected as the subject because their different cultures may carry particular conversational implicatures. Meanwhile, participant observation should be used because it enables to get deep comprehension about the context.