A study on Javanese styles that are used by Kyai in Pondok Pesantren Mahir Arriyadl Ringin Agung Kepung Kediri

ABSTRACT

This study was started from the observation of the writer toward communication style between Kyai and students, Kyai and guest, Kyai and workers in PondoK Pesantren Mahir Arriyadl Ringin Agung-Kepung-Kediri. Such communications are generally from those of Kyai and students in modem Pesantren. They mostly used Javanese styles than other. It has become language communication in daily. They used different Javanese styles based on they speak whom. In practicing, they not only used Ngoko to low social classes, but also used polite language (Krama). In this case, social status was not dominant in determining one of Javanese styles.

Based on the illustration above and in order that this study was able to be conducted systematically, the researcher formulated the research problems as follows: (1) To whom and in what situation does Kyai used Ngoko, Krama Madya, and Krama Inggil? (2) Why does Kyai use Ngoko, Krama Madya , and Krama Inggil?

The method used in this research was case study. ،The study was conducted very carefully, researcher explained the reasons why Kyai uses Ngoko, Krama Madya and Krama Inggil to addressee in daily communication. Because this research used case study method, so researcher to listen to the explanation rather than question also utilized the emic approach. How ever the researcher was also asked questions to validate what they had conveyed.

The research instruments used in this research were observation and interview. In observation the researcher finds out Javanese styles that are used Kyai in daily communication when teaching, speaking to guests, students and workers. And in interview the researcher look for the reasons why Kyai uses Ngoko, Krama Madya and Krama Inggil to addressee. Data recourses are verbal communication used among Kyai and student, Kyai guest, and Kyai and worker.

Technique of data collection in this research was participant observation, note of free conversation, and tape recording. Here researcher joined with students to study together, beside that he also came to Kyai’s house and accompany him when going out to get the data. And if the time is so long to get the data he used tape reconding and if limited time he only used notebook. And technique of data analysis was data reduction, a display, conclusion drawing and verification.

Based on the study, it was found that language mostly used by Kyai to his students was polite language, i. e., Krama Madya. It mean that he respected to his students beside that algo give good example because as leader of communal Moslem. Kyai to his guests used Krama Madya and Krama Inggil. Krama Madya was used between Kyai and familiar guests, Krama Inggil between Kyai and strange guests as student’s parent. Than Ngoko used by Kyai to worker like driver, carpenter.

As conclusion, that social status, age, education determined in choosing Javanese styles used by Kyai, but it is not dominant because Kyai spoke to his students used Krama Madya and it is polite language.