A study on speech acts used by garbage collectors in Malang

ABSTRACT

The study of language in society relates to the utterances produced by the people in their daily conversation. The utterances which are spoken contain of act and constitute act with that is called speech act.

This research is concerned with the kind and the function of speech act on utterances uttered by garbage collectors. The kind of speech act is analyzed by Austin’s theory (see 2,4.1), they are locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary act. While the fimction of speech act is analyzed by Leech’s theory (see 2.4.2). In the function, illocutionary act has four functions, they are competitive, convivial, collaborative, and conflictive function. Whereas, locutionary and perlocutionary act do not have function.

Descriptive qualitative research is as the design of this study. The data are collected from utterances produced by garbage collectors with the guide in the conversation, in Malang, To obtain the manageable and systematic data, the researcher herself became the main instrument by doing direct observation, interviewing, taking notes, and recording. In order to get valid data, the researcher uses triangulation of data.

As the result, the researcher finds utterances used by garbage collectors with the guide. The are 3 kinds of speech act; locutionary act is all of numbers (75 acts), illocutionary act (74 acts), and perlocutionary act (25 act). In this kind, the Locutionary' act is the mostly act, which always is used by garbage collectors, illocutionary act is the second act often used in garbage collector’s conversation, such as; reporting, asserting, announcing, etc. Then perlocutionary act is the last number of act. On the function of speech act, The garbage collectors use collaborative function (44), Convivial function (11), competitive function (11 )و and conflictive function (8) Cause locutionaiy and perlocutionary act do not have function, so the researcher does not find it in their real conversation.

It indicates that garbage collectors often use illocutionary act such as; reporting, asserting, announcing, etc., which have collaborative function. 3ased on the data which are found, they communicate with others use some utterances by politeness as communicative conversation.

Finally, the researcher suggests to further researchers who intend to investigate and analyze deeply on garbage collector because many phenomena as developing science, especially on speech act study wliich relates to otlier linguistic study.