An analysis on metaphor used in Hikmah-Hikmah Kehidupan by Kahlil Gibran

ABSTRACT

This study aims at answering the following three research questions. The first is to find out the kinds of metaphor. The second is to find out the meanings are involved in “Hikmah-Hikmah Kehidupan”. The third is to find out the dominant metaphor. She limits her study only for 10 Topics, which have metaphors. They are “Agama”, ،،Air Mata”, ،،Akai Budi”, ،،Ibu”, ،،Waktu”, ،،Sang Nabi”, ،،flmu Pengetahuan”, ،،Kota”, “Penyair”, ٠، Masa Muda”.

This study is descriptive qualitative research. The data sources used are the book of Gibran entitled Hikmah-Hikmah Kehidupan” and the data which are gotten from internet about Gibran and his works. The research instrument is the writer herself as the main instrument. To corroborate the data, triangulation of the data sources and methodological triangulation are used in this study. The step how she collected all data to be observed are by looking for books containing message of life collectively written by Kahlil Gibran, recording the data obtained from the data sources, and arranging the data in accordance with the research questions. Then, they are analyzed by using snowballing technique as the following steps; categorizing the data into 10 categories in accordance with the number of topic analyzed, presenting, analyzing, and concluding the data of each category. Lastly, making tentative conclusion.

The conclusion and suggestion are made as follow; there are three kinds of metaphor in "Hikmah-Hikmah Kehidupan"; namely nominal, predicative and sentential metaphors. Some of the topics do not have sentential metaphor. The dominant metaphor is nominal metaphor, especially which functions as object or called by complement metaphor. The meanings involved in "Hikmah-Hikmah Kehidupan" deals with lexical meaning, sentence meaning, and discourse meaning. Related to lexical meanings, figurative, idiomatic, and lexical synonym, antonym, homonym and hyponym are found. Then, sentence meanings; analytic and synthetic sentences are found. Among of them show both declarative and interrogative sentences. Lastly, discourse meaning applied with cohesion such as the use of conjunctions and the use of pronouns. Then, some suggestions concerning the topic of this study can be given to literary readers and other researchers who want to do further research in this study.