Structural codes system according to Roland Barthes Sindbad the Sailor

ABSTRACT

Fananie (2002: 6) in his book explains the definition about literature that literature is a fiction work that becomes the result of creation based on the spontanical emotional overflowing in which it can reveal the aesthetical aspect which can be based on linguistics aspect and semantics aspects. From the statement above we can infer some decision that literature actually becomes one of human expressions that can reveal the aesthetical aspect from the linguistic aspect and die semantic aspect In the statement above there is also a word “aesthetical” wich according to Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English (1974: 15), is derived from aesthetic (adj) which the appreciation of the beauty, especially in the arts. So aesthetical is closely related to literature that becomes one of the art's branches. Talking about beauty of course, literature is designed to be beauty through dictions, arrangements of literature itself; and the characteristics of each branch of literature. And the beauty of literature only can be revealed through literary critics which have a lot of branches.

However, in this research the writer has chosen one of the branches of toe literary critics, that is toe structural (semiotic). And since toe semiotic also has many branches (since toe expert of tois literary critics are so many), toe writer decides to choose toe structural (semiotic) according to Roland Barthes which emphasizes toe use of five codes in literary critics. Generally, semiotic is the comprehension of a literary work through sign (Fananie, 2002: 139). Language is toe ،،home base” of sign, which inside of it, there are so many signs that can be revealed through tois literary critic. All signs here become toe representatives of something which is represented by words, phrases or sentences in a text. Or in term of semiotic, there is signifier and signified. Signifier is toe sign for something signified and toe signified is something to be signed by signifier. The example in tois thesis is, if there is toe word “eat”, it can be classified into proairetic code. The proairetic code or action code becomes toe signifier of the word signified by toe word “eat”. Another example in the general semiotic, that there is a word “banana” (N). The word “banana” becomes the signifier of a fruit which has characteristics long, thick-skinned (yellow when ripe) (Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English, 1974: 60).

Sindbad the Sailor is one of toe literary works, which teUs about toe adventures of a sailor that always gets bad luck in toe beginning and always gets fortune after toe bad luck and even a lot of wealthiness. However, in www.wikipedia.org, 25-03-2006, 05.15PM, Sindbad has numerous fantastic adventures during his voyage throughout toe seas in East of Africa and South Asia. So, it is not strange that Sindbad got a lot of experiences, especially about
cultures during his voyage with his actions. It is quiet reasonable because he does not only stay in one spot but he keeps moving from one place to another place which it is also demanded by his own profession that is a merchant.

After conducting the research where the duty of the writer is finding the codes which appear in the text, the writer has found two codes that appear most in the story namely: Proairetic Code and Cultural Code. Both codes are applied very well in the story that those codes are successfid in accommodating the data and become the representative of their concerning the context of both codes.

The writer hopes that through this research, the knowledge about literary critics for the reader will increase well, and this research can be continued by the next researcher since the writer feels that this research is not complete yet because the writer is not successfully yet to reveal another code that probably appears in the story. Besides the writer has a very great hope that the semiotic literary criticism will be used and increased not only by the writer himself but also by all students of Letters in the State Islamic University of Malang, faculty of Humanity and Culture.