A Sociolinguistic study on Code Switching among grocers at Pasar Besar Malang

ABSTRACT

Malang has more than one language namely; Javanese, Indonesian and Madurese. There are many factors that cause Javanese becomes major language at Pasar Besar Malang. Its factors are the majority of Malang people come from Java, most of them are native speakers of Javanese, and Malang is one of centers of Java’s civilization. Indonesian is known by grocers because it is language of nation and education. Grocers hardly ever use Madurese on their conversation.

This research uses a qualitative approach. The data of this research are gotten from grocers at Pasar Besar Malang. On doing this research, the writer uses some instruments such as: a participant observation, and an interview.

Based on the writer’s study on conversational code switching among grocers at Pasar Besar Malang, there are two kinds of code used by grocers on their conversation namely; language as code, and speech level as code. The langauge as code are Javanese and Indonesian, and the speech level as code are ngoko, madyo, and kromo. There two kinds of code switching, they are inter-language code switching and inter-speech level code switching. Inter-language code switching are / Indonesian into Javanese and Javanese into Indonesian, and inter-speech level code switching are ngoko into madyo, ngoko into kromo, madyo into ngoko, and kromo into madyo.

The grocers have many reasons and factors of code switching use. They are that buyers have different background of language, social status, etnis, education, and age. Code switching use has its functions and elements. The functions of code switching used by grocers are addressee specification, interjection, and reiteration. The elements of code switching are a word, a phrase, and a sentence.

Based on finding above, there are many suggestions for linguistic development in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of multilingual countries in the world because almost all of its island has itself language. We must know with whom we speak and what language must be used. Therefore one of some alternatives to solve multilingual problems is code switching use, or Indonesian use.