Javanese expressions used by people in Gemaharjo: A Sociolinguistic study on Javanese expressions of joke, praice, teasing allusion, and anger used by Priyayi and Non-Priyayi

ABSTRACT

People in Gemaharjo, Trenggalek have several language styles and language choices because of different Javanese speech levels. Trenggalek is one of bilingual or multilingual communities. People who live in bilingual or multilingual communities tend to choose one of the languages in their daily communication. The writer thinks that it is necessary to conduct a study on local dialect because he wants to observe the Javanese expressions of joke, praise, teasing allusion and anger performed by priyayi and non-priyayi in Gemaharjo. There are some differences of usage of Javanese of different classes. They are ngoko (low polite Javanese language), madya (middle polite Javanese language) and krama (high polite Javanese language).

The research methodology used in this thesis was descriptive qualitative research. To obtain the manageable and systematic data, the direct and indirect observation supported by recording became the main instrument and the interview was as the secondary instrument to collect the data, which were taken from the dialog in daily communication. The writer himself became the key instrument of this study. In order to get the valid results of the data, the writer also used the method of triangulation, especially by combining level triangulation of time, space and investigator triangulation. Then, the collected data were analyzed to investigate and to describe the results of the research problems stated.

After analyzing and discussing the data, the writer found that, firstly, in expressing joke, praise, teasing allusion, and anger both priyayi and non-priyayi chose certain Javanese speech levels. All of joke was expressed in ngoko; but some other expressions like praise, teasing allusion and anger was expressed in ngoko, madya or krama. Secondly, in expressing joke, praise, teasing allusion, and anger both priyayi and non-priyayi chose certain words or diction either literal or non-literal meaning.

The researcher has completely realized that this study is not free from weaknesses, therefore, the researcher hopes that there should be other researchers who carry out further study about Javanese expression, especially on Sociolinguistic aspects.