Keanekaragaman serangga tanah di perkebunan teh PTPN XII Wonosari Lawang

Indonesia:

Perkebunan teh PTPN XII Wonosari Lawang merupakan salah satu subsektor pertanian yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan andalan agroindustri pangan. Serangga tanah merupakan serangga yang hidup di tanah, baik yang hidup di permukaan tanah maupun yang terdapat di dalam tanah. Serangga tanah memiliki berbagai macam peranan antara lain sebagai herbivora, dekomposer, predator, dan detritivor, sehingga keberadaan serangga tanah dijadikan sebagai indikator kestabilan ekosistem. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi serangga tanah, mengetahui indeks keanekaragaman, mengetahui keadaan faktor fisika-kimia tanah dan menganalisis korelasi jumlah serangga tanah dengan faktor fisika kimia di perkebunan teh PTPN XII Wonosari Lawang.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di perkebunan teh PTPN XII Wonosari Lawang pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2016. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode eksplorasi. Identifikasi serangga tanah dilakukan di Laboratorium Ekologi dan Laboratorium Optik Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Analisis faktor fisika-kimia tanah di Laboratorium Tanah Jurusan Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Pengambilan data dengan menggunakan metode perangkap jebak (pittfal trap) berjumlah 30 buah di setiap stasiun. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan program Past 3.01, sedangkan identifikasi menggunakan buku Borror, dkk., (1996), Suin (2012) dan BugGuide.net (2016).

Hasil penelitian di perkebunan teh PTPN XII Wonosari Lawang diperoleh 6 ordo, 12 famili dan 1.304 individu, berdasarkan peranan sebagai herbivora (4 famili), predator (4 famili), detritivor (2 famili), dekomposer (2 famili). Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) di tahun pangkas 1 yaitu 1,717 di tahun pangkas 2 yaitu 1,600 dan di tahun pangkas 3 yaitu 1,945. Faktor fisika kimia tanah di tahun pangkas 1 yaitu suhu 27,87 oC, kelembaban 72,77%, kadar air 46,15%, pH tanah 5,25, C-organik 9,59%, N total 0,97%, C/N nisbah 9,67, bahan organik 16,59%, P 1,86 mg/kg, K 0,32 mg/100. Di tahun pangkas 2 yaitu suhu 27,57 oC, kelembaban 82,93%, kadar air 46,16%, pH tanah 4,88, C-organik 8,17%, N total 0,78%, C/N nisbah 10,67, bahan organik 14,12%, P 3,44 mg/kg, K 0,33 mg/100. Sedangkan di tahun pangkas 3 yaitu suhu 27,43 oC, kelembaban 66%, kadar air 32,88%, pH tanah 4,65, C-organik 5,5 N total 0,44%, C/N nisbah 12,67, bahan organik 9,51%, P 7,41 mg/kg, K 0,64 mg/100. Hasil korelasi faktor fisika-kimia tanah dengan jumlah serangga tanah didapati hasil korelasi positif yaitu terhadap suhu, kelembaban, pH, C organik, N total, bahan organik, fosfor dan kalium. Sedangkan korelasi negatif yaitu
terhadap kadar air dan C/N nisbah.

English:

The tea plantation of PTPN XII Wonosari Lawang is one of the subsectors of agriculture that has the potential to be a mainstay of food agro industry. Soil insect are insect that live on the ground, both living at up the ground as well as those contained in the soil. Soil insect has a variety of roles incluiding as herbivores, decomposers, predators, and detritivor, so the presence of soil insect are use indicators of ecosystem stability. This study was conducted to identify the soil insect, know the diversity index, know thr state of physico-chemical factor of soil and analyze the correlation of the number of soil insect with chemical physics factor in the tea plantation of PTPN XII Wonosari Lawang.

The research was carried out in the tea plantation of PTPN XII Wonosari Lwang in May until June 2016. The study was descriptive quantitative methods of exploration. Identification of soil insect conducted at the Ecology Laboratory and Optic Laboratory Department of Biology, Science and Technology Faculty, State Islamic Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Analysis factor of physical-chemical soil in Soil Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The data collection was done by using (Pittfal traps) amounted 30 pieces at each station. The data were analyzed using the Past 3.01 program, while the identification using Borror books, et al (1996), Suin (2012) and BugGuide.net (2016).

The result of research on a tea plantation of PTPN XII Wonosari Lawang obtained 6 orders, 12 families and 1.304 individuals, based on the role as herbivores (4 families), predator (4 families), detritivor (2 families), dekomposers (2 families). Diversity index (H’) in the crop year 1 of 1,717, in the crop year 2 is 1,600 and in the 3 crop year is 1,945. Physical-chemical soil factors in the crop year 1 is temperature 27,87°C, humidity 72,77%, water content 46,15%, soil pH 5,25, C-organic 9,59%, N total 0,97% C/N ratio 9,67, organic matter 16,59%, P 1,86 mg/kg, K 0,32 mg/100. In the crop year 2 is temperature 27,57°C, humidity 82,93%, water content 46,16%, soil pH 4,88, C organic 8,17%, N total 0,78%, C/N rasio 10,67, organic matter 14,12%, P 3,44 mg/kg, K 0,33 mg/100. Whereas in the crop year 3 is temperature 27,43°C, humidity 66%, water content 32,88%, soil Ph 4,65, C organic 5,5%, N total 0,44%, C/N ratio 12,67, organic matter 9,51%, P 7,41 mg/kg, K 0,64 mg/100. The correlation factor of physical-chemical soil with a number of soil insect were are found postive correlation result namely the temperature, humidity, pH, C organic, N total, organic matter, phophorus and potassium. While the negative correlation that is the water content and C/N ratio.