Jumhana, Nana (2014) الاتجاهات العلمية في تطوير مناهج تعليم اللغة العربية للمدارس الثنوية الإسلامية في إندونيسيا (دراسة تحليلية عن النظرية اللغوية والنفسية في مناهج سنة 1984-2008 م). Doctoral thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.
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Abstract
ABSTRAK
Sejak madrasah disejajarkan dengan sekolah umum berdasarkan SKB Tiga Menteri Tahun 1975, secara nasional kurikulum mata pelajaran bahasa Arab di madrasah telah mengalami beberapa kali pergantian.Walaupun demikian, pengajaran bahasa Arab di madrasah belum berjalan sesuai harapan dan belum berhasil mengantarkan para lulusan madrasah untuk memiliki kompetensi berbahasa Arab yang memadai.
Fokus penelitian ini adalah Paradigma Pengembangan Kurikulum bahasa Arab Madrasah Aliyah terutama landasan teori linguistik dan psikologinya sejak kurikulum periode tahun 1984 hingga 2008. Secara lebih spesifik pertanyaan penelitian yang dikembangkan adalah: 1) Teori Linguistik dan Psikologi belajar apa yang banyak mempengaruhi pengembangan kurikulum bahasa Arab madrasah Aliyah di Indonesia sejak periode tahun 1984 hingga tahun 2008? 2) Bagaimana tingkat koherensi dan relevansi antara pendekatan yang dianut dengan komponen-komponen kurikulumnya? 3) Bagaimana tingkat keselarasan antara pendekatan dan tujuan yang ditetapkan kurikulum dengan buku-buku ajar bahasa Arab yang dikembangkan pada periode kurikulum tersebut? Dengan demikian, penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman tentang teori Linguistik dan Psikologi belajar bahasa yang menjadi landasan pengembangan kurikulum bahasa Arab madrasah Aliyah di Indonesia.
Penelitian ini menggunakan Ancangan Kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah empat komponen kurikulum yaitu Tujuan Pembelajaran, Materi Ajar, Proses Pembelajaran dan Evaluasi Pembelajaran (tes bahasa). Sedangkan Sumber data yang digunakan adalah Dokumen Kurikulum mata pelajaran bahasa Arab madrasah Aliyah sejak periode tahun 1984-2008. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik dokumenter, sedangkan teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Konten Kualitatif (Qualitative Content Analysis). Untuk mendapatkan hasil atau temuan penelitian yang akurat, dilakukan Peer Debriefing dan teknik Triangulasi, dengan menekankan pada Triangulasi Teknik Pengumpulan data dan sumber data.
Temuan yang diperoleh dari studi ini adalah Pertama, pengembangan kurikulum bahasa Arab untuk madrasah Aliyah di Indonesia periode tahun 1984-2008 masih didominasi oleh pengaruh aliran linguistik Struktural dan psikologi Behavioristik, yang terlihat dalam setiap komponen kurikulum. Kedua, dokumen Kurikulum bahasa Arab Madrasah Aliyah tahun 1984-2008 belum memiliki kohesi dan koherensi yang kuat antar komponennya. Masih terdapat ketidakselarasan antara pendekatan yang dianut dengan pengembangan komponen kurikulumnya, sehingga kurikulum tersebut belum secara utuh menggambarkan pendekatan tertentu. Ketiga, mayoritas buku daras yang dikembangkan untuk mengimplementasikan kurikulum bahasa Arab di madrasah Aliyah periode belum selaras dengan pendekatan dan tujuan yang digariskan dokumen kurikulum.
Dari ketiga temuan substantif tersebut, didapatkan beberapa implikasi teoritik, dari studi ini, yaitu :Pertama, temuan ini mendukung proposisi yang menyatakan bahwa teori linguistik Struktural dan psikologi Behavioristik memiliki pengaruh yang kuat terhadap praktek pengajaran bahasa Arab, termasuk pengajaran bahasa Arab untuk non Arab. Kedua, hasil studi ini menunjukkan bahwa praktek pengajaran bahasa Arab pada madrasah-madrasah
ABSTRACT
Since madrasah (Islamic school) aligned with public schools by The Three ministerial decree in 1975. Nationally, Arabic curricula of madrasah has undergone several changes. However, the teaching of Arabic subject in madrasah has not run as expected and has not succeed in training the graduates to have sufficient competence in Arabic.
The focus of this research is Arabic curriculum development paradigm of senior high school (madrasah Aliyah) especially theoritical background of linguistic and psycholinguistic since 1984 to 2008. Specifically, the research questions of this study are: 1) What is Linguistic and Psychology of learning theories that had influenced the development of Arabic language curricula of Islamic senior high school in Indonesia since 1984 until 2008? 2) How is the coherence and relevance level between approaches and curriculum component? 3) How was the alignment level between the approachs and goals in the curriculum with the Arabic textbooks that developed in the period of the curriculum? Therefore, this study generally aims to gain an understanding on the theories of Linguistics and Psychology of language learning that underlie the development of Arabic language curriculum of Islamic Senior high school (madrasah Aliyah) in Indonesia.
This study employs qualitative research. There are four componennts as the data of this study: the Learning Objective, Teaching Materials, Learning Proccess and Learning Assessment (language test). Meanwhile, the data used are curriculum documents of Arabic subject in Islamic Senior high school since 1984-2008. The data collection techniques that is used in this study is a documentation technique. The analysis techniques that is used is Qualitative Content Analysis. To get results or findings accurately, Peer Debriefing and Triangulation Technique is conducted that emphasis on techniques of collecting triangulation data and data sources .
Findings that is obtained in this study are: first, Arabic language Curriculum Development for Islamic senior high school (Madrasah Aliyah) in Indonesia since 1984 until
2008 is still dominated by the influence of Structural linguistics and Behavioristic psychology which can be seen in every components of the curriculum. Second, the Arabic Curriculum Documents of Madrasah Aliyah since 1984-2008 have not strong cohesion and coherence among its components. There are still inconsistencies between the approaches adopted with the development of curriculum components. As a result, the curriculum could not completely describe a certain approach. Third, the majority of textbooks which are developed to implement the Arabic curriculum in madrasah Aliyah since 1984 until 2008 had not been aligned with the approaches and objectives in curriculum documents.
Based on these substantive findings, the theoritical implications are obtained i.e. first, the research findings support the proposition of al-Ushailiy that the theory of Structural linguistic and Behavioristic psychology have strong influence on teaching practice in Arabic language, including teaching Arabic for foreigner. Second, the research findings show that teaching practices within madrasahs in Indonesia are very unique and distingtive. Those support the proposition that, in Indonesia, teaching Arabic based on national policy that make Arabic language as foreign language has special portion i.e. language of Islam religion. Third, relied on the research findings, it can be drawn that there is a little bit difference from
the proposition that curriculum and language teaching develops in line with the development of linguistics theory.
On the basis of the research findings and theoretical implication obtained from this study, the researcher abstracts formal findings that can be utilized to develop curriculum and Arabic language teaching within the context of Indonesia’s madrasahs. Having made the abstract, the researcher proposes that Arabic curriculum development, later on, to be based on what the researcher calls Functional-Integrated Paradigm. This is the paradigm of curriculum development adopted from the combination of Communicative and Literacy approach, and based on Functional linguistics and Constructivism theory.
Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) | |||||||||
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Supervisor: | Muhaimin, Muhaimin and Sholih, Syuhadak | |||||||||
Contributors: |
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Keywords: | Pendekatan; Pengembangan Kurikulum; Teori Linguistik; Teori Psikologi; Curriculum Development; Approach; Linguistic Theory; Theory of Psychology. | |||||||||
Departement: | Sekolah Pascasarjana > Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan Bahasa Arab | |||||||||
Depositing User: | Mohammad Syahriel Ar | |||||||||
Date Deposited: | 21 Mar 2017 19:41 | |||||||||
Last Modified: | 21 Mar 2017 19:41 | |||||||||
URI: | http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/id/eprint/5742 |
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