Degradasi bahan organik limbah cair tepung ikan dengan penambahan variasi konsentrasi bioaktivator dan variasi lama fermentasi

INDONESIA:

Limbah merupakan hasil akhir dari sebuah aktivitas manusia maupun industri. Salah satu industri besar di Indonesia, khususnya jawatimur adalah Industri Perikanan. Peningkatan industri pengolahan ikan seperti tepung ikan berbanding lurus dengan jumlah limbah yang dihasilkan. Selain memberikan nilai suberdaya pada manusia, industi juga menimbulkan dampak negatif seperti polusi air, penularan sumber penyakit, dan yang menjadi sorotan adalah pencemaran air. Tingginya beban organik seperti protein, karbohidrat, dan lemak menjadikan perlu penanganan khusus limbah tepung ikan. Analisis limbah tepung ikan yakni protein 8,16%, lemak 11,31%, dan karbohidrat 2,84%. Salah satu alternatif pemanfaatan kandungan organik yakni energi akternatif biogas. Penggunaan sebagai biogas diharapkan mampu mendegradasi bahan organik. Aknumulasi beban organik dapat diketahui dengan analisis TSS (Total Suspended Solid).

Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian experimental design metode batch dengan limbah tepung ikan sebagai substrat dan penambahan bakteri bioaktivator. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juni hingga September 2016 bertempat di Greenhouse, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Genetika UIN Malang. Variabel bebas ini adalah konsentrasi bioaktivator 0%,10%,dan 20% dan lama fermentasi 10,17,dan 24 hari. Bakteri yang digunakan yakni Bacillus subtilis, Bacteri licheniformis, Cellulomonas sp, Pseudomonas flourescens, dan Pseudomonas putida. Variabel terikat berupa pH, suhu, TSS, dan volume biogas. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 tahapan, yakni pembuatan bioaktivator dan tahap fermentasi.

Hasil peneitian biogas dengan perlakuan variasi konsentrasi bioaktivator dan variasi lama fermentasi berpengaruh singnifikan (p < 0,05) terhadap nilai TSS yakni pada konsentrasi bioaktivator 20% lama fermentasi 10 hari TSS sebesar 146,69 ppm. Namun, perlakuan bioaktivator dan lama fermentasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi volume biogas. Hanya saja didapatkan volume biogas tertinggi pada perlakuan bioaktivator 20% lama fermentasi 17 hari sebesar 21,33 ml.

ENGLISH:

Waste is the end result of a human activity and industry. One of the major industries in Indonesia, especially East Java is the Fishing Industry. The increase in the fish processing industry such as fish meal was directly proportional to the amount of waste were produced. In addition to providing value resource in humans, industry also have negative impacts such as water pollution, spread of diseases, and the spotlight was water pollution. The high organic loads such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats made fishmeal waste need to be treated well. The fishmeal waste analysis were 8.16% protein, 11.31% fat, and 2.84% carbohydrate. One of the alternatives to the use of the organic content was the biogas energy alternatives. The use of biogas was expected to degrade the organic substance. The accumulation of organic loads can be determined by the analysis of TSS (Total Suspended Solid).

This research was experimental design by using batch method with the waste of fish meal as a substrate and the addition of bio-activator bacteria. This research was conducted from June to September 2016 held at Greenhouse, Laboratory of Microbiology and Genetics. The independent variables were bio-activator concentration of 0%, 10%, and 20% and fermentation time 10.17, and 24 days. The bacteria were used namely Bacillus subtilis, Licheniformis bacteria, Cellulomonas sp, Pseudomonas Flourescens, and Pseudomonas Putida. The dependent variable was pH, temperature, TSS, and the volume of biogas. This study consisted of two phases, namely the manufacture of bio-activator and fermentation stage.

The result of Biogas research with the treatment of the variation of bio-activator concentration and the variation of fermentation time was significantly influenced (p <0.05) to the value of the TSS at the concentration of bio-activator 20%, the fermentation time were 10 days and the TSS is about 146.69 ppm. However, bio-activator treatment and fermentation time did not significantly affect to the volume of Biogas production. The highest volume of Biogas was only obtained at the bio-activator treatment 20% with the long fermentation were 17 days about 21,33 ml.