Efektivitas metode VAKT visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis huruf abjad anak tunagrahita

INDONESIA:

Kemampuan membaca dan menulis merupakan keterampilan berbahasa secara luas yang perlu perhatian sejak dini. Kemampuan membaca dan menulis merupakan salah satu keterampilan dasar yang sangat penting dalam perkembangan anak dan wajib diberikan sedari awal. Karena dengan memiliki keterampilan tersebut seorang anak mampu menyerap berbagai informasi yang berasal dari berbagai sumber seperti buku, media cetak maupun elektronik dan lainnya (Nurlina, 2021). Pada anak tunagrahita di sekolah mengalami kesulitan belajar pada hampir semua mata pelajarannya terkhusus dalam membaca dan menulis. Hal ini karena anak tunagrahita mengalami hambatan terkait fungsi kognitif sehingga berdampak pada kemampuan membaca dan menulisnya.
Metode VAKT digunakan dalam penelitian untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis. Metode VAKT dikenal juga sebagai metode multisensori, metode yang melibatkan berbagai indera yakni indera visual (indera penglihatan), auditory (indera pendengaran), kinesthetic (indera gerakan), dan tactile (indera perabaan).Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan efektivitas metode VAKT (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Tactile) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis huruf abjad pada anak tunagrahita.
Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif quasi-eksperimen dengan penelitian subjek tunggal (Single Subject Research/SSR) dengan desain penelitian A-B-A. data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif, dengan mengenalisis dalam kondisi dan antar kondisi selama baseline 1, intervensi, dan baseline 2.
Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dengan hasil perolehan nilai rata-rata (mean) setiap kondisi menunjukkan peningkatan dengan perolehan nilai kondisi baseline 1 (A1) 25, nilai kondisi intervensi (B) 58,3 dan nilai kondisi baseline 2 (A2) 62,5 dan kecenderungan arah garis menaik. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa metode VAKT (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Tactile) efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dan menulis huruf abjad pada subjek tunagrahita

ENGLISH:

Reading and writing skills are broad language skills that need attention from an early age. The ability to read and write is one of the basic skills that is veryimportant in child development and must be given from the beginning. Because by having these skills a child is able to absorb various information that comes from
various sources such as books, print and electronic media and others (Nurlina,2021). In school, children with intellectual disabilities experience learning difficulties in almost all subjects, especially in reading and writing. This is because children with disabilities experience obstacles related to cognitive function, which has an impact on their reading and writing abilities.

The study employed the VAKT method to enhance reading and writing skills. The VAKT method, also referred to as the multisensory method, incorporates multiple senses, including the visual sense (vision), auditory sense (hearing), kinesthetic sense (movement), and tactile sense (touch). The purpose of this study is to explain the effectiveness of the VAKT method (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Tactile) in improving the ability to read and write alphabet letters in children with intellectual disabilities.

The research approach used was quantitative quasi-experimental research of the Single Subject Research (SSR) type with an A-B-A research design. Data was collected through direct observation and documentation. Furthermore, the results of the study were analysed with descriptive statistics by analysing in conditions and between conditions during baseline 1, intervention and baseline 2

Based on the results of data analysis, with the results of obtaining the average value (mean) of each condition shows an increase with the acquisition of the baseline 1 condition value (A1) 25, the intervention condition value (B) 58.3 and the baseline 2 condition value (A2) 62.5 as well as the increasing trend of the line direction. These results indicate that the VAKT (Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic, Tactile) method is effective in improving the ability to read and write alphabetic
letters in subjects with intellectual disabilities