Perjanjian paid to review antara broker, publisher dan advertiser tinjauan hukum perdata dan hukum Islam: Studi di CV. Indonesia-Online Malang

INDONESIA:

Data dari Kementrian Informasi dan Komunikasi menunjukkan bahwa salah satu bentuk kerjasama yang banyak dipraktikkan manusia saat ini adalah kerjasama di bidang perjanjian informasi secara elektronik. E-commerce atau bisnis online memiliki macam atau jenis yang beragam salah satu yang banyak diminati masyarakat adalah bisnis online advertising. Di Kota Malang terdapat salah satu badan usaha yang bergerak dibidang jasa online advertising yakni CV. Indonesia-Online. Aktivitas bisnis CV. Indonesia-Online lebih banyak menggunakan sistem Paid To Review. Banyak diantara advertiser selaku klien dari CV. Indonesia-Online melakukan pelanggaran terhadap perjanjian yang telah disepakati para pihak. Oleh karena itu, penulis melakukan analisis terkait perjanjian Paid To Review ditinjau dari segi Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Islam.

Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian yakni: (1) Bagaimana mekanisme perjanjian Paid To Review antara broker, publisher, dan advertiser pada CV. Indonesia-Online?, (2) Bagaimana perjanjian Paid To Review antara broker, publisher, dan advertiser pada CV. Indonesia-Online ditinjau dari Hukum Perdata?, dan (3) Bagaimana perjanjian Paid To Review antara broker, publisher, dan advertiser pada CV. Indonesia-Online ditinjau dari Hukum Islam?

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris dengan menggunakan pendekatan yuridis antropologi. Data primer pada penelitian ini diambil dengan wawancara (interview) langsung kepada pemilik dan staff dari CV. Indonesia-Online, advertiser dan data dari broker diambil data secara digital yakni pengamatan melalui website broker.

Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh tiga kesimpulan. Pertama, terdapat dua sistem dalam perjanjian Paid To Review pada CV. Indonesia-Online yakni Indirect Order dan Direct Order. Kedua, ditinjau dari hukum perdata perjanjian PTR secara Indirect Order dikategorikan sah menurut hukum perdata karena memenuhi empat aspek syarat sahnya perjanjian dalam Pasal 1320 KUH Perdata. Sedangkan sistem Direct Order belum memenuhi salah satu aspek syarat sahnya perjanjian sehingga belum dapat dikatakan sah secara hukum perdata. Ketiga, ditinjau dari Hukum Islam yakni mengacu pada pendapat Wahbah Zuhaily perjanjian PTR termasuk dalam akad ijarah al amal. Dilihat dari aspek rukun dan syarat perjanjian PTR dikategorikan sah secara hukum Islam karena memenuhi aspek syarat dan rukun ijarah. Namun, Wahbah Zuhaily membolehkan fasakh sebab terjadi wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh beberapa advertiser.

ENGLISH:

Data from the Ministry of Communications and Information shows that cooperation which is widely used in Indonesia today is a cooperation on electronic information agreement. There is a wide variety of E-commerce or online business, one of them is online advertising. In Malang, currently running CV. Indonesia-online which works on online advertising service. Business activity of CV. Indonesia-online mostly focused on Paid To Review system. Advertiser as the client of CV. Indonesia-online did a violation on the agreement they made before. So, the writer wants to do an analysis on paid to review agreement using private law and Islamic law.

The problems on this research are: (1) How the publisher, broker, and advertiser on CV. Indonesia-Online Paid To Review agreement making mechanism?, (2) How the agreement of Paid To Review between broker, advertiser and publisher on CV. Indonesia-Online reviewed by private law?, and (3) How the agreement of Paid To Review between broker, advertiser and publisher on CV. Indonesia-Online reviewed by Islamic law?

This research is an empiric law research with anthropology juridical approach. Primary data of this research was taken by interview on the owner and staffs of CV. Indonesia-Online, advertiser, and broker data was taken digitally by observation on broker’s website.

From this research concluded 3 conclusions. First, there are two types of system for Paid To Review agreement on CV. Indonesia-Online called Indirect Order and Direct Order.
Second, reviewed from private law the indirect order agreement is authorized by private law because it has four aspects required for an agreement in 1320 section of private law. Besides, the direct order agreement doesn’t fulfill one of the requirements for an agreement to be authorized by private law. Third, reviewed from Islamic law, referring to Wahbah Zuhaily, PTR agreement is a part of ijarah al amal agreement. From principle aspect and requirement aspect, PTR categorized as legitimate in Islamic law because it fulfills the requirement and principal aspects of ijarah. But, Wahbah Zuhaily allowed fasakh because of violation by some advertisers.