Model pengembangan manajemen pendidikan karakter dengan pendekatan Whole School Development Approach di SD Islam Sabilillah Malang

ABSTRAK

Pada saat ini, demoralisasi anak dan remaja semakin meningkat. Banyak perilaku anak-anak dan remaja Indonesia yang telah melanggar norma-norma agama seperti: (1) tindak kekerasan dan penganiayaan; (2) pacaran yang melampaui batas; (3) gemar melihat gambar-gambar porno; (4) berkurangnya rasa hormat terhadap orang tua dan guru; (5) menurunnya semangat belajar dan kerja; dan (6) penggunaan narkoba. Hal ini tentunya menggugah keprihatinan dari banyak kalangan, termasuk SD Islam Sabilillah Malang. SD Islam Sabilillah Malang telah berupaya menyelenggarakkan pendidikan karakter dengan pendekatan whole school development approach (pendekatan secara menyeluruh) untuk mengantisipasi agar demoralisasi anak dan remaja tersebut tidak terjadi pada anak- anak didiknya.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan pengembangan manajemen pendidikan karakter yang diterapkan di SD Islam Sabilillah Malang, dengan sub fokus penelitian: (1) proses penyelenggaraan pendidikan karakter di SD Islam Sabilillah Malang; (2) pola pengembangan manajemen pendidikan karakter dengan pendekatan whole school development approach di SD Islam Sabilillah Malang; dan (3) keefektifan pengembangan manajemen pendidikan karakter dengan pendekatan whole school development approach bagi pembentukan karakter anak di SD Islam Sabilillah Malang.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara mendalam, pengamatan berpatisipasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan temuan dilakukan dengan cara perpanjangan pengamatan, meningkatkan ketekunan, triangulasi, analisis kasus negatif, menggunakan bahan referensi, dan mengadakan member check. Informan penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah bidang kesiswaan, guru, dan orang tua siswa.

Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) penyelenggaraan pendidikan karakter di SD Islam Sabilillah Malang didasarkan pada visi dan misi pendidikan karakter yang jelas dan luhur, latar belakang yang kuat, rumusan karakter dasar anak yang detail, prinsip-prinsip pendidikan karakter yang kuat, dan metode/strategi pendidikan karakter yang tepat; (2) pola pengembangan manajemen pendidikan karakter di SD Islam Sabilillah Malang menggunakan pendekatan whole school development approach (WSDA), yaitu suatu pendekatan yang melibatkan peran dan tanggung jawab dari seluruh komponen sekolah (kepala sekolah, guru dan staf, siswa) dan orang tua siswa dalam pengembangan karakter anak; dan (3) keefektifan pengembangan manajemen pendidikan karakter dengan pendekatan whole school development approach (WSDA) terhadap pembentukan karakter anak di SD Islam Sabilillah Malang telah menunjukkan hasil yang memuaskan. Keefektifitasan ini dapat dilihat dari 61,1 % anak telah menunjukkan karakter delapan cinta (cinta Allah dan Rasul, cinta orang dan guru, cinta sesama, cinta keunggulan, cinta diri sendiri, cinta ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi, cinta alam sekitar, dan cinta bangsa dan negara) dengan katergori baik sekali, 36,1 % anak termasuk kategori baik, dan hanya 2,8 % anak termasuk kategori cukup baik.

Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan yang berupa proposisi, bahwa: (1) apabila penyelenggaraan pendidikan karakter di sekolah didasarkan pada visi dan misi yang jelas, latar belakang yang mendasar, rumusan karakter dasar yang detail, prinsip-prinsip yang kuat dan metode-metode yang tepat, maka akan berjalan secara efektif dan efisien; (2) apabila pola pengembangan manajemen pendidikan karakter didasarkan pada pendekatan whole school development approach (WSDA), dengan melibatkan peran dan tanggung jawab semua komponen pendidikan di sekolah dan peran serta orang tua di rumah, maka akan berjalan secara efektif dan efisien; dan (3) apabila pengembangan manajemen pendidikan karakter menggunakan pendekatan whole school development approach (WSDA), dengan melibatkan peran dan tanggung jawab semua komponen pendidikan di sekolah dan peran serta orang tua di rumah, maka keefektifan pembentukan karakter anak dapat ditingkatkan.

ABSTRACT

For the moment, demoralization of young and adolescent are more increasingly. Mostly the attitudes of Indonesian young and adolescent have broken the religion norms such as: (1) the abuse and persecution; (2) make a love is intemperate; (3) had a passion of looking some porn pictures; (4) lack of respect to parents and teacher; (5) decrease the spirit of study and work; and (6) drinking the drugs. Of course, it makes some concerned from various levels, include SD Islam Sabilillan Malang. This school has make some efforts to implement the character education and used the whole school development approach to anticipate the demoralization of these young and adolescent in order that they will not be experienced them.

The object of research is to describe the development management of the implemented character education in SD Islam Sabilillah Malang, and sub-focus of research: (1) the implementation process of character education in SD Islam Sabilillah Malang; (2) the management pattern of character education and the whole school development approach in SD Islam Sabilillah Malang; and (3) the effectiveness of development management of character education and the whole school development approach in SD Islam Sabilillah Malang.

The research is using the qualitative approach and plan of case study. The data collection has done by the technique of deep interview, participant observation and documentation. The technique of data analysis includes data reduction, data display and concluding. The checking of finding validity is implemented by prolongation of observation; improve the perseverance, triangulation, and analysis of negative case, using the reference material and make member check. The informants of research are headmaster, vise of headmaster for students’ control, teacher and their parents.

The findings research is show that: (1) the implementation of character education in SD Islam Sabilillah based on the vision and mission of haracter education that clear and glorious, strong background, formulation of basic character of young man that detail, the principles of strong character education, and method/strategy of character education that appropriate; (2) the development pattern of character education management in SD Islam Sabilillah Malang is using the whole school development approach (WSDA), that is the approach which is engaged the role and responsible of all school components (headmaster, teacher, staff and students) and the parents of students in developing of children's character; and (3) development effectiveness of character education management and the whole school development approach (WSDA), toward the forming of children character in SD Islam Sabilillah Malang has showed the satisfied result. This effectiveness could be seen from 61, 1% of children has showed eight loved characters (love of God and prophet, love of parents and teacher, love each other, love of excellence, love of their selves, love of knowledge and technology, love of environment and love of nation and state) and the very good category, 36, 1% of children included the good category and just 2, 8% of children are in sufficient category.

The research has been resulted the conclusion that is proposition: (1) if the implementation of character education in school based on the clear vision and mission, the basic of background, formulation of basic character that detail, the strong principles and appropriate methods, so it will be run effective and efficient; (2) if the development pattern of character education management is based on the whole school development approach (WSDA), and engaging the role and responsibility of all school components in school and the participant of parents in home, so that will be run effective and efficient; and (3) if the management development of character education is using the whole school development approach (WSDA), and engaging the role and responsibility of all educational components in school and the participant of parents in home, so that the effectiveness forming of children character is can be increased.