Naufal, Muhammad Athallah (2023) Racism experienced by Callum and his family in Malorie Blackman's Noughts + Crosses. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.
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Abstract
ENGLISH:
Racism has been a prevalent issue ever since the concept of race was known to mankind, due to this fact, a lot of kinds of racism emerged in society. This racism was portrayed deeply on Malorie Blackman’s “Noughts + Crosses” which describes a situation where the roles of white and black are reversed. This study explained the experiences of Callum and his family through the levels of racism as well as how they responded towards the racism itself. This study itself is a literary criticism focusing on sociological approaches by employing two theories, one by Camarra Phylis Jones named levels of racism (2000) and the second one is multimotive theory by Richman & Leary (2009). Based on the analysis of this study, the first level of Jones’ theory seems to be the most prominent out of the three which is the institutional racism, the characters in this novel were restricted or has limited access to quite a lot of government infrastructure, silenced voice, as well as small quantity of representative in power as in Ryan’s court case. While the personally-mediated racism manifested itself through the suspicion of minorities; especially Callum when he was visiting every shops and labeled as a shoplifter, lack of respect from the Crosses, devaluation of minorities’ capabilities, scapegoating, and dehumanization through hate crime and police brutality. In internalized racism there is also evidence of whiteness as in Lynette’s case where she believes herself to be black as well as self-devaluation by the characters themselves for example Ryan who used the slur word to his own race. Callum and his family responded with various types of response, such as Jude who is leaning towards being more aggressive after the experience of racism while Callum at least try to regain relational value within the society with relationship-promoting response as well as trying to exclude or withdraw himself from the society with avoidance or withdrawal response.
INDONESIA:
Rasisme telah menjadi masalah yang sering muncul sejak konsep ras dikenal manusia, dan karena faktor ini, banyak jenis rasisme yang muncul dalam masyarakat. Rasisme ini digambarkan secara mendalam dalam novel "Noughts + Crosses" karya Malorie Blackman yang menggambarkan situasi di mana peran kulit putih dan kulit hitam ditukar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tingkat rasisme serta bagaimana Callum dan keluarganya merespons rasisme itu sendiri. Studi ini sendiri adalah kritik sastra yang berfokus pada pendekatan sosiologis dengan menggunakan dua teori, satu oleh Camarra Phylis Jones yang dinamakan Levels of Racism (2000) dan Multi-motive Theory oleh Richman & Leary (2009). Berdasarkan analisis dari studi ini, tingkat pertama teori Jones menjadi yang paling menonjol dari ketiga level tersebut, yaitu rasisme institusional, di mana karakter dalam novel ini dibatasi secara keseluruhan atau memiliki akses yang terbatas pada infrastruktur pemerintah yang cukup banyak, suara yang di bungkam, serta jumlah perwakilan yang kecil dalam ranah kekuasaan. Sementara rasisme pribadi muncul melalui kecurigaan terhadap minoritas; terutama Callum, kurangnya rasa hormat dari Crosses, penilaian yang rendah terhadap kemampuan minoritas, mengkambing hitamkan, dan dehumanisasi melalui kejahatan kebencian dan kekerasan polisi. Dalam rasisme internal, juga ada bukti tentang “whiteness” pada Lynette serta penilaian diri rendah oleh Ryan. Callum dan keluarganya tersebut merespons dengan tingkat intensitas yang berbeda, menunjukkan bahwa beberapa karakter bersedia merespons dengan cara memperbaiki hubungan, sementara salah satunya seperti Jude lebih cenderung merespons secara antisosial.
ARABIC:
لقد كانت العنصرية مشكلة سائدة منذ ظهور مفهوم العرق للبشر، ونتيجة لهذه الحقيقة، ظهرت العديد من أشكال العنصرية في المجتمع. تم تصوير هذه العنصرية بشكل عميق في رواية "نوتس + كروسز" لمالوري بلاكمان التي تصف وضعًا يتم فيه عكس أدوار البيض والسود. توضح هذه الدراسة تجارب كالوم وعائلته من خلال مستويات العنصرية وكيفية استجابتهم للعنصرية نفسها. تركز هذه الدراسة بشكل رئيسي على النقد الأدبي وتعتمد نهجًا اجتماعيًا من خلال تطبيق نظريتين، الأولى لكامارا فيليس جونز تحت عنوان مستويات العنصرية (٢٠٠٠) والثانية هي نظرية متعددة المحركات لريتشمان وليري (٢٠٠٩). بناءً على تحليل هذه الدراسة، يبدو أن المستوى الأول في نظرية جونز هو الأكثر بروزًا بين الثلاثة، وهو العنصرية المؤسسية، حيث تم تقييد شخصيات هذه الرواية أو تقليل فرصهم في الوصول إلى البنية التحتية الحكومية، وإسكات أصواتهم، بالإضافة إلى كمية قليلة من الم
Item Type: | Thesis (Undergraduate) |
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Supervisor: | Syamsudin, Syamsudin |
Keywords: | Racism; Response; Levels of Racism |
Subjects: | 20 LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE > 2005 Literary Studies > 200503 British and Irish Literature 20 LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE > 2005 Literary Studies > 200525 Literary Theory |
Departement: | Fakultas Humaniora > Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris |
Depositing User: | Muhammad Athallah Naufal |
Date Deposited: | 04 Jul 2023 13:57 |
Last Modified: | 04 Jul 2023 13:57 |
URI: | http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/id/eprint/51637 |
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