Morphological Typology of English and Arabic Negative Pattern

ABSTRACT

Comparative study is a study about the comparison of things. It compares two things or languages. The purpose of the comparative study is to compare the similarities and differences of things or languages. This research examines morphological typology between English and Arabic that focused on negative pattern. This research is very important to be examined because by investigating the negative pattern, the researcher can describe the rule of the negative pattern in English and Arabic. The researcher also can determine the morphological typology of both languages and also the similarities and differences of both languages especially on negative pattern.

The purposes of this research are to answer the research question: (1) how are the rules of negative pattern applied in English and Arabic? (2) What are the morphological typologies of the negative pattern? (3) what are the similarities and differences of negative pattern between English and Arabic?. This research uses qualitative design because the purpose of this research is to describe clearly the negative pattern which include in English and Arabic, such as the rules, the similarities and differences and the morphological typology of both languages. Meanwhile, the subject that used in this research is “English Lesson” book and also “Al Qiroatul Rosyidah”. In the data collection, the researcher finds and collects English and Arabic book, reads, identifies, and analyzes the negative pattern on those books based on morphological typology theory to produce the finding of this analysis.

The finding of this research are (1) the negative pattern in English is divided into clause negation, local negation and predication negation, while the negative pattern in Arabic is divided into “la”, “ma”, “lam” and “lan”; (2) English and Arabic are included in agglutinative language because the language has suffixes that can be separated easily; (3) the similarities are; first, both languages have the same types of morphological typology, it is agglutinative language, second, English and Arabic have exceptions on negative pattern. The differences are (1) English and Arabic have special rule, while in Arabic, the negative pattern is also by special rule, the particle “ma” and “la” can be used in Fi’il Madhi (past), Fi’il Mudhori’ (present) and Isim, the particle “lam” and “lan” only can be used in Fi’il Mudhori’ and it must be Nasob and Jazam; (2) the function of negative pattern in English, it can be negate the whole sentence, negative pattern can added affixation so that it is not necessary to put “not”, it can negate the word without making that word to be negative. In Arabic, the function of those negation markers depends on the Fi’il (verb) that follow that negation marker. When the negation is different the meaning also can be different.