A Psycholinguistic analysis on kids’ and adults’ slips of the tongue found in EF (English First) Malang

ABSTRACT

Language is a means to communicate to other people in the world. However, people cannot avoid from the mistake in speaking which is called slips of the tongue. Slips are sometimes trivial, sometimes funny but in fact, those phenomena involve linguistics segments errors in production process influenced by some contexts and factors.

Furthermore, this research deals with slips of the tongue found in kids in High Flyer and adults in Real English of EF (English First) Malang. The types of slips produced by both kids and adults in different context are analyzed on this research. Then, how those slips occur becomes the last formulated problems. To answer those problems, Carroll theory of slips of the tongue is used as the main reference in analyzing the data. Besides, this research is limited in kids and adults since people assume that kids make more slips than adults do because kids are usually in the learning level and therefore the background knowledge is needed to be considered.

So far, there are very few researchers that conduct in the same concern with research, kids and adults’ slips. Descriptive qualitative is used to the analysis because the data collected are in the form of utterances which are spoken by kids and adults and the analysis is represented in the form of words.

As the finding of the study, it is concluded that there are 42 slips of the tongue produced by kids in High Flyer level. Most of all types of slips are produced in different numbers. Those involve blends, shifts/misderivations, exchanges/reversals, deletions, perseverations, substitutions, and additions while anticipations errors are not found in kids’ utterances. Then, adults produced all types of slips of the tongue in which 41 slips are found. Both kids and adults have different numbers of each slips types. The most commonly slips types produced by kids are additions meanwhile, the most slips made by adults are deletions. Whereas, the fewer slips made by kids are in the type of perseveration and adults make the fewer slips on types of anticipation, perseveration and blend. Kids and adults have the same proportions in exchanges and perseverations.

Related to this research which is about kids’ and adults’ slips of the tongue found in EF (English First) Malang, in which the most common slips happen are additions and deletions so, some suggestions are given to everyone who learn English should take more attention to slips in all types, moreover in those deletions and additions. Then, this research can give a beneficial contribution for further researchers who are interested in studying same topic. So, the next researchers can develop and explore this topic more in different object or different theory.