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The Discursive structures of Obama’s persuasive speech

Djayanti, Mitha Dwi (2015) The Discursive structures of Obama’s persuasive speech. Undergraduate thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim.

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Abstract

ABSTRACT

One of the key factors that determine the political figures’ success in reaching their goals and winning the public agreement in this firm power struggle is their ability to persuade and impress their audience. Language then plays an important role in manifesting that political wills and accompanying political actions.

This study investigates the discursive structures applied in the Barack Obama’s, speech in Brussels on March 26th, 2014, as a persuasive move against Russia’s invasion on Ukrainian people. Under the van Djik’s (1998, 2006a) critical discourse analysis (CDA) perspective of two main discursive strategies of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation, this present study attempts to find out the discourse structures of Obama’s argumentations in social face-keeping dealing with the issue of humanitarianism and how they are applied within the speech.

The present study utilizes mixed research methods which are qualitative and quantitative. There are 23 data represented in this present study taken from each paragraph of a speech. The data are classified based on van Djik’s (1998) three layers of analysis, that is, microstructure, super (schematic) structure, and microstructure. To uncover the discursive strategies, van Djik’s (1998, 2006a) framework of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation are implemented. Meanwhile, the measurement of the frequent words and sentence forms appear in the speech is also provided to strengthen the analysis.

The findings reveals that according to discursive structures analysis, Obama applies three models of lexical styles namely the model of positive sense, the model of negative sense, and the model of naming particular events. Further, the sentence forms used by Obama is parallelism, passive form, imperative form, and conditional sentence. As well, the polarization strategy dominates the rhetorical strategy as an attempt to categorize ‘Us’ (the United States) and ‘Them’ (Russia). Further, the discursive structures analysis by some means performs the “Plot story of just war” of Lakoff‘s (1991) theory.

ABSTRAK

Di dalam persaingan kekuasaan politik yang sengit, salah satu kunci utama yang menentukan kesuksesan tokoh politik dalam mencapai tujuannya dan memenangkan suara publik adalah kemampuan mereka untuk meyakinkan dan memikat hati rakyat. Dalam hal ini, bahasa memiliki peranan penting sebagai jembatan umtuk menyampaikan aksi-aksi politik tersebut.

Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang struktur diskursif dalam pidato Barack Obama di kota Brussels pada tanggal 26 Maret 2014, sebagai langkah persuasif untuk menentang penyerbuan yang dilakukan oleh Rusia di Ukraina. Mengusung teori analisis kritik wacana oleh van Djik (1998, 2006a) yaitu “positive self- presentation and negative other-presentation”, penelitian ini membahas tentang struktur argumentasi wacana dan bagaimana struktur tersebut diaplikasikan di dalam pidato.

Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi campuran yakni kualitatif dan kuantitatif. 23 data yang diteliti diambil dari masing-masing paragraf. Data ini diklasifikasikan menurut tiga struktur wacana milik van Djik (1998) yaitu, mikro struktur, super (skema) struktur, dan makro struktur. Sementara itu, strategi positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation diterapkan untuk mengungkapkan strategi diskursif yang digunakan oleh Obama. Selain itu, frekuensi kata dan kalimat yang sering muncul juga digunakan oleh peneliti untuk memperkuat hasil analisis.

Berdasarkan analisis struktur dsikursif dalam pidato Obama, ditemukan bahwa Obama menerapkan tiga model leksikal yakni leksikal positif, leksikal negatif, dan leksikal penamaan peristiwa. Selanjutnya, dalam struktur kalimat, Obama menerapkan beberapa bentuk kalimat, yaitu kalimat paralel, kalimat pasif, kalimat perintah, dan kalimat bersyarat. Sementara itu, strategi retorika yang mendominasi aksi persuasi Obama adalah polarization dimana Obama secara tidak langsung berusaha untuk membangun gap antara Amerika dan Rusia, yang mana tindakan Obama ini juga sejalan dengan teori Lakoff (1999)‘The Plot of Just War’.

Item Type: Thesis (Undergraduate)
Supervisor: Syafiyah, Syafiyah
Contributors:
ContributionNameEmail
UNSPECIFIEDSyafiyah, SyafiyahUNSPECIFIED
Keywords: critical discourse analysis; microstructure; super (schematic) structure; macrostructure; the strategy of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation; kritik analisis wacana; mikro struktur; super (skema) strukur; makro struktur; strategi “positive self-presentation and negative other- presentation”
Subjects: 20 LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE > 2004 Linguistics > 200403 Discourse and Pragmatics > 20040301 Pragmatics - Speech Acts (incl. Locution, Illocution Perlocution)
Departement: Fakultas Humaniora > Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris
Depositing User: Adi Sucipto
Date Deposited: 22 Feb 2023 10:43
Last Modified: 22 Feb 2023 10:43
URI: http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/id/eprint/47075

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