Reformulasi Ijtihad dalam Perspektif Yusuf Al-Qardhawi dan Fazlur Rahman

ABSTRAK

Ijtihad reformulation according to Yusuf al-Qardhawi and Fazlur Rahman is an effort to reinterpret Islamic law in modern era as a response to the issue of the closed gate of ijtihad. The problems discussed in this thesis are the factors behind ijtihad reformulation in the views of scholars, their similarities, the differences and the implication of ijtihad reformulation in al-Qardhawi’s and Rahman’s ideas. As a result, this thesis will be an alternative answer to reveal the problem of ijtihad.

The type of this research is bibliographic research using qualitative-descriptive approach. The data used is secondary data. The method of collecting data is documentation. The analyzing process is to collect required data and analyze them by descriptive-comparative method to locate the similarities and the differences between both scholars.

The result of this study is obvious. There are three main factors influencing al- Qardhawi and Rahman in ijtihad reformulation. In the case of al-Qardhawi, the three important aspects encouraging him in doing ijtihad are, firstly, the fanatic attitude of Egyptians in implementing their religiouns way of life (madhab). Secondly, in political arena, imprealism and colonialism, influence some aspects, such as political, religious, and Egyptian Islamic culture. Thirdly, the fanatic attitude of Egyptians is not an obstacle for al-Qardhawi in exploring his brilliant ideas.

On the other hand, there are three triggering factors in Rahman’s ijtihad. Firstly, there was a controversy between modernist and fundamentalist groups in formulating a new country, Pakistan. Secondly, political influence, there is a debate in constitution establishment of Pakistan. Thridly, conservative attitude of Pakistan makes Rahman move to Chicago.

In terms of similarities and differences, there is similar background between al- Qardhawi and Rahman, such as their educational and family backgrounds. Conversely, there are some differences between both scholars. They have different approaches towards Islamic law. They also differ in madhab, social life, teachers, and thought reputation. In the area of ijtihad, both thinkers agree to use al-Qur’an and hadis as the main sources of Islamic law, but, they define ijtihad differently. They apply their own methods and procedures of ijtihad. Theoretically, the result of this research will be the following discussion about ijtihad in modern interpretation. Practically, on the other side, this research will be a solution to overcome numerous problems in current situation.