Program pembelajaran individual mata pelajaran PAI pada anak Autis: Studi kasus di SMK Negeri 2 Malang

ABSTRAK

Program pembelajaran individual adalah suatu program yang berkaitan dengan pendidikan khusus dan cara penanganan yang dibuat khusus untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pembelajaran murid dengan kebutuhan khusus. Program pembelajaran individual pada dasarnya dilakukan untuk membantu anak autis ketika mengalami kesulitan pembelajaran di kelas reguler. Mengingat kemampuan mereka yang mempunyai keterbatasan dalam pemahaman materi khususnya PAI, program pembelajaran individual inilah salah satu program yang dilakukan untuk membantu kesulitan mereka.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) pelaksanaan program pembelajaran individual mata pelajaran PAI pada anak autis di SMK Negeri 2 Malang. (2) masalah dan pemecahan pelaksanaan program pembelajaran individual mata pelajaran PAI pada anak autis di SMKN 2 Malang.

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Lokasi penelitian di SMK Negeri 2 Malang. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, kedua guru pembimbing khusus (GPK), guru PAI yang mengajar anak autis. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan (1) wawancara terpimpin, (2) observasi non partisipasi, dan (3) studi dokumentasi. Analisis data melalui 3 proses, yaitu: (1) reduksi data, (2) penyajian data, dan (3) penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Pengecekan keabsahan data melalui ketekunan atau keajegan pengamatan dan triangulasi sumber.

Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa; (1) Pelaksanaan program pembelajaran individual di SMKN 2 Malang dilakukan ketika anak autis mengalami kesulitan memahami mata pelajaran PAI dan dilakukan oleh GPK. Metode pembelajaran yang biasa digunakan dalam PPI adalah one by one. Media yang digunakan besifat visual. (2) masalah dan pemecahan pelaksanaan program pembelajaran individual dalam mata pelajaran PAI adalah: (a) masalah; konsentrasi gampang terpecah, anak lamban dalam belajar, tenaga pendidik yang tidak sesuai dengan bidangnya, pembuatan rpp, penentuan materi anak autis. (b) pemecahan; Pendekatan dalam pembelajaran, perhatian dan dorongan lebih untuk anak autis, penyesuaian materi, pembuatan RPP dua kali.

ABSTRACT

Individual learning program is a program related to special education and the ways of handling tailored to fill up the learning needs of students with specific needs. Basically, doing the individual learning program is to help the autistic children when they have the difficulties of learning in the regular classes. Remain their ability is having the limitations in understanding the material, especially PAI, individualized learning program is one of the programs which help their difficulties.

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the implementation of individual learning programs in autistic children by the PAI lesson in SMK Negeri 2 Malang. (2) The problem solving of individual learning programs in the autistic children especially for PAI lesson in SMK Negeri 2 Malang.

This study uses a qualitative research approach in the type of case study. The research located in SMK Negeri 2 Malang. The informants of this study were the head master of SMKN 2 Malang, the two special of supervisor teacher (GPK), and PAI teachers who teach the children with autism. The data collection techniques were using (1) guided interview, (2) non-participation observation, and (3) documentation study. The analysis of the data through three processes, namely: (1) reducing of the data, (2) presenting of the data, and (3) taking the conclusion or verification. To check the validity of data is by the diligence of observation and the triangulation of sources.

The result of the finding of this study are: (1) The implementation of individual learning programs will done when the autistic children overcome the difficulties in understanding PAI subjects in SMKN 2 Malang, it was performed by special of supervisor teacher (GPK). The method of learning which commonly used by PPI is one by one. And the visual is the media which is commonly used such as pieces of verse cards, film material tailored to the PAI, and animated images when explaining the material. (2) The problem solving in the implementation of individual learning programs in the subject of PAI are: (a) Supporting factors include: the concentration is easy broken, the student is languid in the learning process, inappropriate teacher with the subject, producing the lesson plan, and choosing the material for the autistic children. (b) Inhibiting factors include: the approaches of learning, giving big attention and support to the children with autism, creating appropriate grade of lesson, and creating the lesson plan twice.