Kepadatan serangga tanah di Arboretum Sumber Brantas dan lahan pertanian sawi Desa Lemah Putih Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu

INDONESIA:

Serangga tanah adalah serangga yang sebagian atau seluruh hidupnya berada di tanah, baik di dalam maupun di permukaan tanah. Tanah merupakan salah satu faktor lingkungan yang digunakan serangga untuk hidup. Keberadaan dan kepadatan populasi serangga tanah di suatu daerah sangat tergantung dari faktor lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kepadatan serangga tanah, serta mengetahui hubungan kepadatan serangga tanah dengan faktor fisika-kimia.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Arboretum Sumber Brantas (ASB) dan Lahan Pertanian Sawi (LPS) Desa Lemah Putih Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu pada bulan April-Juni 2016. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode eksplorasi. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode hand sorted berjumlah 60 plot, identifikasi hasil yang didapat dengan menggunakan buku literarur dan website, pengamatan faktor fisika-kimia tanah dilakukan di laboratorium tanah, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya, pemotretan spesimen dilakukan di laboratorium optik, Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Maliki Malang. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis untuk mengetahui kepadatan serangga tanah dan uji korelasi dengan menggunakan SPSS 16.0.

Hasil yang didapatkan di ASB adalah 18 famili dengan jumlah 1.402 individu, berdasarkan peranan tersebut dari detritivor (3 famili), dekomposer (2 famili) herbivor (6 famili), predator (7 famili), sedangkan pada LPS adalah 10 famili jumlah keseluruhan 227 individu tersebut dari detritivor (1 famili), dekomposer (2 famili), herbivor (5 famili), dan predator (2 famili). Nilai kepadatan serangga tanah pada ASB adalah 74.770 individu/m3 sedangkan LPS adalah 12.130 individu/m3. Nilai faktor fisika-kimia di ASB adalah untuk suhu 22,53ºC, kelembaban 81% kadar air 40,04%, pH 5,28, bahan organik 8,93 %, N total 0,51%, C/N 10, C-organik 5,16%, P 21,98 mg/kg, dan K 0,35, sedangkan pada LPS untuk suhu 24,03ºC, kelembaban 81%, kadar air 32,34%, pH 2,75, bahan organik 6,04%, N total 0,43%, C/N nisbah 8, C-organik 3,49%, P 45,56 mg/kg, dan K 0,15 mg/100. Korelasi antara serangga tanah dengan kepadatan serangga tanah berkorelasi positif yaitu sub famili Blattidae (bahan organik, C/N nisbah, C-Organik, dan N-Total), sub famili Entomobryidae 2 (kadar air), sub famili Formicidae 1 (kalium) dan sub famili Tenebriyonidae (fosfor). Sedangkan kepadatan berkorelasi negatif yaitu Acrididae (pH dan suhu) dan Staphilinidae 4 (kelembaban).

ENGLISH:

Soil insects are the insects which parts or entire life are in the ground, both inside the ground and above the land surface. Land is one of the environmental factors used by the insect to live. The population existence and density of soil insects in an area greatly depend on the environmental factors. This research is conducted to know the soil insect density, and know the correlation of soil insect density and physical-chemistry factors.

This research is done in Arboretum Sumber Brantas (ASB) and Mustard Agricultural Land (LPS) Lemah Putih Village Bumiaji Sub District Batu city in April-June 2016. The research is quantitative descriptive with exploration method. The data collection used hand sorted method with 60 plots; the result identification used literature book and website; the observation of soil physical-chemistry factors is conducted in land laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya; specimen shooting was conducted in optical laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. The research result data was analyzed to know the soil insect density and the correlation test used SPSS 16.0.

The results obtained in ASB were 18 families with 1.402 individuals, based on the roles of detritivore (3 families), decomposer (2 families) herbivore (6 families), predator (7 families), meanwhile in LPS there are 10 families with the 227 individuals entirely from detritivore (1 family), decomposer (2 families), herbivore (5 families), and predator (2 families). The soil insect density value in ASB is 74.770 individual/m3 meanwhile in LPS is 12.130 individual/m3. The physical – chemistry factor value in ASB is for the temperature of 22,53ºC, humidity of 81% water level of 40,04%, pH of 5,28, organic materials of 8,93 %, N total of 0,51%, C/N 10, C-organic of 5,16%, P of 21,98 mg/kg, and K of 0,35, meanwhile in LPS for the temperature of 24,03ºC, humidity of 81%, water level of 32,34%, pH of 2,75, organic materials of 6,04%, N total of 0,43%, C/N ratio of 8, C-organic of 3,49%, P of 45,56 mg/kg, and K of 0,15 mg/100. The correlation of soil insect and soil insect density is the positive correlation namely sub family of Blattidae (organic material, C/N ratio, C-Organic, and N-Total), sub family of Entomobryidae 2 (water level), sub family of Formicidae 1 (Potassium) and sub family of Tenebriyonidae (phosphor). Meanwhile the densities with negative correlation are Acrididae (pH and temperature) and Staphilinidae 4 (humidity).¬