Fikih pasca kolonial: Resistensi dan kontestasi pluralisme hukum Nasional dalam pemikiran hukum Islam Qodri Azizy

INDONESIA :

Kolonialisme telah menimbulkan perubahan yang radikal terhadap sistem hukum di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia. Qodri Azizy merupakan pemikir berpengaruh yang memosisikan hukum Islam Indonesia dalam sistem hukum nasional dan pemberlakuannya pasca kolonial.

Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis resistensi Qodri Azizy terhadap wacana kolonial dalam hukum Islam di Indonesia dan kontestasi pluralisme hukum nasional. Selain melakukan tinjauan kritis terhadap pemikiran Azizy dan proyeksi metodologis pengembangan pemikirannya.

Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian sosio-legal dengan pendekatan sosio-historis dan cultural studies. Data primer diperoleh dari dokumentasi karya-karya Qodri Azizy, sementara data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumentasi anotasi pemikirannya oleh penulis lain dan literatur sejarah-sosial hukum Islam Indonesia era pra kolonial, kolonial, dan pasca kolonial. Data dianalisis dengan analisis wacana kritis.

Dapat disimpulkan bahwa resistensi pemikiran Qodri Azizy berusaha menentang dan menghapus pengaruh disiplin pengetahuan Orientalisme Christian Snouck Hurgronje via teori Receptie melalui ideologi anti-kolonialisme dan nasionalisme. Resistensi tersebut menunjukkan ambivalensi dan peniruan (mimikri), dengan memanfaatkan infrastruktur sistem hukum kolonial dan negara modern untuk mengafirmasi pemberlakuan hukum Islam. Qodri Azizy memosisikan hukum Islam berkompetisi dengan hukum lain dalam kontestasi pluralisme hukum Nasional melalui demokratisasi. Positivisasi hukum Islam diyakini niscaya diberlakukan di tengah ke-mayoritas-an Islam, perlu perluasan ke dalam ilmu hukum, sistem hukum atau peradilan lebih luas, dan hukum materiil. Meski meyakini fikih yang akan dipositi¬visasi harus sesuai tuntutan zaman, namun Azizy masih menarik garis batas yang tegas untuk membedakan suatu entitas hukum tertentu dari yang lain; hukum Islam, hukum Barat, dan hukum Adat, yang kurang strategis dan kontekstual di era Global yang telah memunculkan hukum hybrid. Proyeksi metodologi melalui pengembangan gagasan Qodri Azizy menjadi “Eklektisisme Hukum-Hybrid”, dengan memper¬tim¬bangkan tawaran Qodri Azizy melakukan positivisasi hukum Islam dan Ijtihad Saintifik-Modern, serta formasi fikih yang kontekstual dengan realitas (waqi’) pasca kolonial, bersama persilangan berbagai sistem hukum.

ENGLISH :

Colonialism has led to radical changes to the legal system in the world, including in Indonesia. Qodri Azizy an influential thinker positioning Indonesian Islamic law in the national legal system and its enforcement post-colonial.

The purpose of this study analyzes Qodri Azizy resistance against the colonial discourse in Islamic law in Indonesia and participate in the national legal pluralism. In addition to the critical review of Azizy thoughts and projections methodological development of his thinking.

This research uses socio-legal research with the approach of the socio-historical and cultural studies. Primary data were obtained from the documentation of the works Qodri Azizy, while secondary data obtained from the documentation annotation thinking by other writers and literature-social history of Indonesian Islamic law pre-colonial era, the colonial and post-colonial. Data were analyzed with a critical discourse analysis.

It can be concluded that Qodri Azizy indicates that resistance is trying to challenge and eliminate the influence of disciplinary knowledge Orientalism Christian Snouck Hurgronje via Receptie theory through the ideology of anti-colonialism and nationalism. Resistance from Azizy shows ambivalence and imitation (mimicry), by utilizing the infrastructure of colonial legal system and modern state for discussing imposition of Islamic law. National legal pluralism encourage contestation of Islamic law to compete with other laws in democratization. Positivization believed Islamic law should be enforced in all-an Islamic majority, with extension of coverage to the science of law, the legal system or judicial broader and substantive law. Although convinced of fiqh that will be converted into positive law must comply with the demands of the times, but still attractive Azizy distinct line of demarcation to distinguish a particular legal entity from the other; Islamic law, Western law and Customary law, which is less strategic and contextual in the Global era laws that have given rise to a hybrid. While the projection methodology that can be built in with the need to develop ideas Azizy "Eclecticism Law-Hybrid", taking into account the offer of Islamic law positivization and Modern-Scientific Ijtihad Azizy, as well as adjust fiqh formations which contextual with post-colonial reality along crossing various legal systems.