Karakterisasi ketahanan beberapa genotipe kedelai (Glycine max l. merrill) berdasarkan trikoma daun terhadap serangan hama Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera lituraf.)

INDONESIA :

Kedelai merupakan tanaman pangan yang berperan penting karena memiliki kandungan protein yang lebih tinggi dan banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri. Serangan hama ulat grayak menurunkan hasil panen sehingga diperlukan pengendalian hama dengan menggunakan galur tahan hama melalui karakterisasi trikoma daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan ketahanan pada beberapa galur kedelai terhadap hama ulat grayak berdasarkan karakter trikoma daun.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan eksperimen menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 kali ulangan. Analisis data menggunakan analisis variansI (ANAVA). Apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) 5%. Ketahanan 10 genotip kedelai dapat diketahui melalui uji preferensi dan perkembangan biologi ulat grayak (S litura). Uji preferensi ialah tingkat kesukaan hama ulat grayak terhadap tanaman kedelai. Perkembangan biologi diamati dari berat ulat, berat, panjang, diameter kepompong dan usia larva serta usia kepompong.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan ketahanan 10 genotipe kedelai terhadap hama ulat grayak. Panjang trikoma yang terpanjang berkisar antara 1290.3 µm – 1019.9 µm, trikoma terpendek berkisar antara 953.1 µm – 825.5 µm Kerapatan trikoma terapat berkisar 50/0.5cm – 122.3/0.5 cm, trikoma kurang rapat berkisar antara 13/0.5 cm – 43/0.5 cm Genotipe tahan berdasarkan uji preferensi ialah G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-4 dan G100H agak tahan ialah varietas Ijen dan Grobogan genotipe rentan ialah G 511 H/Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-5-1 dan G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-6. Genotipe rentan ialah galur G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-6 makan daun 0.13240 gr, berat ulat 0.09020 gr usia 7 hari, masa larva hanya 17 hari pupa 7 hari dibandingkan dengan Genotipe tahan ialah galur Genotipe G 511 H/Anjasmoro-1-4 memakan daun 0.1775g, berat ulat 0.04676 g usia 7 hari, masa larva 18 hari pupa 9 hari,. Genotipe tahan memiliki karakter trikoma dengan kerapatan trikoma tinggi dan panjang trikoma rendah. Genotipe rentan memiliki kerapatan trikoma rendah dan panjang trikoma tinggi

ENGLISH :

Soy is a plant food that plays an important role because it has a higher protein content and is widely used as an industrial raw material. Pest grayak attacks lowers crop yields so that the necessary pest control with the use of pests resistant strains through the characterization of trikoma leaves. This research to know the durability discrepancy in some strains of soybeans against pest grayak based on character trikoma leaves.

This research is descriptive research and experiments using Random Design complete (RAL) with 5 replicates. Data analysis using variansi analysis (ANAVA). If there are any real influence then continued with the smallest Real Difference test (BNT) 5%. Resistance 10 genotip soy can be known through test preferences and the development of biology Spodoptera litura F. Test your preferences is the level of pest grayak fondness towards soy plants. The development of biology were observed from Caterpillar, the heavy weight, length, diameter of pupae and age of pupae and larva.

The results showed that there was a difference endurance 10 soybean genotype against pest grayak. Genotyping with the longest part is adaksial trikoma G H/511 Anjasmoro-1-6 1290.3 shortest is 888.8 G100H µm µm. section abaksial the longest is the strain of G H/511 Anjasmoro-1-6 1240.1 µm, the shortest was 825.5 Grobogan µm. Density of trikoma adaksial is strain G100H 57/0.5 cm, less meeting is G H/511 Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-5-1 13.7/0.5 cm. Density Section abaksial is strain G100H 122.3/0.5 cm less meeting is G H/511 Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-5-1 26.7/0.5 cm. Resistant genotypes based on preference test was G H/511 Anjasmoro-1-4 and G100H rather resistant variety is the Ijen and Grobogan. Susceptible genotype is G H/511 Anjasmoro//Anjasmoro-5-1 and G H/511 Anjasmoro-1-6. Resistant strains G100H only eat the leaves of 0.07440 gr, Caterpillar heavy 0.04640 gr age 7 days. The larval period of 22 days, pupa 11 days and the Genotype resistant strain was Genotype G H/511 Anjasmoro-1-4 leaves consuming 0.1775 g, Caterpillar heavy 0.04676 g age 7 days, the larvae of 18 days and 9 days the pupae. Genotype resistant feature characters with density trikoma high trikoma and low trikoma length. The vulnerable genotype has a low trikoma density and length high trikoma.