Pengembangan bahan ajar ensiklopedia sosial-budaya Indonesia pada mata pelajaran IPS kelas VII Di MTs Negeri Malang III

INDONESIA:

Saat ini telah banyak dijumpai berbagai bahan ajar yang disusun baik oleh pemerintah maupun swasta. Namun demikian, guru profesional tetap dituntut untuk dapat mengembangkan sendiri bahan ajar yang dibutuhkan. Asumsinya, bahwa guru lebih mengetahui karakter dan kesulitan-kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa dalam belajar sehingga nantinya diharapkan agar bahan ajar yang dikembangkan benar-benar bermanfaat dan mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.

Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah untuk menjawab tiga rumusan masalah penting, yaitu mengenai: (1) spesifikasi produk, (2) kelayakan produk, dan (3) efektivitas produk dilihat dari pengaruhnya terhadap hasil belajar siswa.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Research and Development (R & D). Untuk menghasilkan produk berupa bahan ajar ensiklopedia, peneliti berpedoman pada model milik Borg and Gall yang telah dimodifikasi dengan hanya menerapkan tujuh langkah dari sepuluh langkah yang ditawarkan. Ketiga langkah yang tidak digunakan adalah: (1) ujicoba pelaksanaan lapangan (operasional field testing), (2) penyempurnaan produk akhir (final product revision), dan (3) diseminasi dan implementasi (dissemination and implementation). Alasannya, karena keterbatasan waktu dan biaya yang dimiliki oleh peneliti.

Untuk mengetahui kelayakan produk, peneliti menyebarkan angket kepada ahli isi/materi, ahli desain pembelajaran, guru mata pelajaran IPS, dan siswa. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa produk ensiklopedia layak digunakan dilihat dari penilaian ahli isi/materi (87,69%), ahli desain pembelajaran (85%) dan ujicoba lapangan oleh guru mata pelajaran IPS (88,33%) serta siswa (89,5%).

Berdasarkan uji beda (Uji-t) menggunakan SPSS 17 dan secara manual, dapat diputuskan bahwa H1 diterima karena thitung (4,39) lebih besar dari ttabel (2,060), yang menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar ensiklopedia sosial-budaya Indonesia efektif digunakan dilihat dari pengaruhnya pada peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dibandingkan dengan kelas lain yang tidak menggunakan bahan ajar ensiklopedia.

ENGLISH:

Nowadays, there are numerous teaching materials written by government or private parties can be found. However, despite that fact, professional teachers are still expected to be able to develop their own teaching material needed by their students. The reason is that teachers are assumed to have better understanding toward their students’ characteristics as well as the difficulties they are facing in their study. Therefore, the developed teaching material is expected to have benefits for students. Besides, it also expected to be able to improve student learning outcome to the better level.

For that reason, the aims of this research and development are to answer the three important research questions about: (1) product specification, (2) product expediency, and (3) product effectiveness as it is reviewed from its influence toward students’ learning outcomes.

Research method applied for this research is Research and Development (R&D) method. Hence, in order to deliver a teaching material product in the form of encyclopedia. Due to the limitation of time and cost of the researcher, researcher employs Borg and Gall’s model which have been modified by only applying seven out of ten steps they offers. Those excluded steps are: (1) operational field testing, (2) final product revision, and (3) dissemination and implementation.

In attempt to know the product expediency, researcher distributed questionnaires to the content/material expert, teaching design expert, social science teachers, and student. Test result reveals that the product of encyclopedia is worth using as seen from assessment of content/material expert (87,69%), teaching design expert (85%) and operational field testing conducted by social sciences teacher (88,33%) and students (89,5%).

Based on the T-Test using SPSS 17 and manually counted using formulas, it can be determined H1 is accepted since tcount (4,39) is greater than ttable (2,060). The result indicates that encyclopedic of Indonesia socio-culture as teaching material is effective to use. As it has influence in improving students learning outcome compared to other classes which do not use encyclopedia as its teaching material.