Keanekaragaman serangga tanah di arboretum sumber brantas dan lahan pertanian kentang Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu.

INDONESIA :

Serangga tanah merupakan jenis dari serangga yang seluruh atau sebagian hidupnya berada di tanah. Peranan dari serangga tanah bermacam-macam antara lain adalah detritivor, dekomposer, herbivor, dan predator. Banyaknya peranan serangga dapat dijadikan sebagai indikator kestabilan ekosistem dan dapat dijadikan rujukan penanganan apabila terjadi ketidakstabilan ekosistem. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi serangga tanah, mengetahui perbedaan indeks keanekaragaman, mengetahui keadaan faktor fisika kimia tanah, dan menganalisis korelasi keanekaragaman serangga tanah dengan faktor fisika kimia di Arboretum Sumber Brantas dan lahan pertanian kentang Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu.

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Arboretum Sumber Brantas dan lahan pertanian kentang Kecamatan Bumiaji Kota Batu pada bulan April-Juni 2016. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode eksplorasi. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode perangkap jebak (pit fall trap) berjumlah 30 buah di setiap lokasi penelitian. Hasil spesimen yang didapat dilakukan pemotretan di laboratorium optik, Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi UIN Maliki Malang, dilanjutkan identifikasi secara morfologi dengan menggunakan buku dan website (Bugguide.net). Analisis faktor fisika-kimia tanah dilakukan di laboratorium tanah, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Brawijaya. Data dianalisis untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman serangga tanah dengan program Past 3.12, dan dilakukan uji korelasi dengan menggunakan SPSS 16.0.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Arboretum Sumber Brantas didapatkan 16 famili serangga dengan jumlah keseluruhan 9.266 individu, berdasarkan peranan meliputi detritivor (1 famili), dekomposer (4 famili), herbivor (6 famili), dan predator (5 famili), sedangkan hasil di lahan pertanian kentang adalah 7 famili dengan jumlah keseluruhan 1.573 individu, dekomposer (4 famili), herbivor (1 famili) dan predator (2 famili). Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) pada Arboretum Sumber Brantas adalah 0,595 sedangkan pada lahan pertanian kentang indeks keanekaragaman (H’) adalah sebesar 0,224. Hasil analisis korelasi antara faktor fisika-kimia tanah dengan keanekaragaman serangga tanah yakni pada variabel suhu yan tertinggi dari sub-famili Gryllidae 2 (0,414) memiliki tingkat hubungan korelasi sedang, kelembaban dari sub-famili Gryllidae 2 (0,329) memiliki tingkat hubungan korelasi rendah, kadar air dari sub-famili Gryllidae 2 (0,329) memiliki tingkat hubungan korelasi rendah, pH dari famili Forficulidae (0,366) memiliki tingkat hubungan korelasi sedang, bahan organik dari sub-famili Gryllidae 1 (0,552) memiliki tingkat hubungan korelasi sedang, N-total dari sub-famili Gryllidae 1 (0,527) memiliki tingkat hubungan korelasi sedang, C/N nisbah dari sub-famili Paronellidae (0,422) memiliki tingkat hubungan korelasi sedang, C-Organik dari sub-famili Gryllidae 1 (0,546) memiliki tingkat hubungan korelasi sedang, fosfat dari sub-famili Gryllidae 2 (0,467) memiliki tingkat hubungan korelasi sedang, kalium dari Gryllidae 1 (0,424) memiliki tingkat hubungan korelasi sedang.

ENGLISH :

Soil insects are the type of insect that all or part of their life is in the ground. They have various roles, such as detritivore, decomposer, herbivore and predator. Those various roles can be used as an indicator of ecosystem stability and can be a reference treatment in the case of ecosystem instability. This study is conducted to identify the soil insects, to know the difference of index diversity, to know the circumtance of physical-chemical ground factors and to analyze the correlation of soil insects diversity with the physico-chemical factors in Arboretum Sumber Brantas and potato farmland in Bumiaji, Batu City.

This research was conducted at Arboretum Sumber Brantas and potato farmland in Bumiaji, Batu City in April to June 2016. This research is a descriptive quantitative research using an exploration method. The data collection was done by using (pit fall trap) method which was totaled 30 pieces in each research location. The result of specimen obtained was by doing a photo shoot which was conducted in Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University, Malang, followed by morphological identification using books and a website (Bugguide.net). The analysis of physical-chemical factors of the soil was done in the ground laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Brawijaya University. The data were analyzed to know the diversity of the soil insects with the Past 3.12 program, and the correlation test using SPSS 16.0.

The results of the current research showed that in Arboretum Sumber Brantas obtained 16 families with a total of 9.266 individuals, based on its roles which include detrivore (1 family), decomposer (4 families), herbivore (6 families) and predator (5 families), while the yield on the potato farm is 7 families with a total 1.573 individuals, decomposer (4 families), herbivore (1 family) and predator (2 families). Index of the diversity (H’) at Arboretum Sumber Brantas is 0,595, while the diversity index (H’) on potato farm is 0.224. The result of correlation analysis between physical-chemical factors of the ground and the diversity of soil insects is in the highest temperature of the variable of sub-family Gryllidae 2 (0.414) which has a medium level of correlation, the humidity of the sub-family Gryllidae 2 (0,329) which has a low level of correlation, the water content of the sub-familiy Gryllidae 2 (0,329) which has a low level of correlation, pH of the family Forficulidae (0,366) which has a medium level of correlation, the organic materials of the sub-family Gryllidae 1 (0,552) which has a medium correlation level, N-total of the sub-family Gryllidae 1 (0,527) which has a medium correlation level, C/N ration of the sub-family Paronellidae (0,422) which has a medium correlation level, C-Organic of the sub-family Grillidae 1 (0,546) which has a medium correlation level, the fosfat of the sub-family Grillidae 2 (0467) which has a medium correlation level, and the calium of Gyllidae 1 (0,424) has a medium correlation level.