Pengaruh Acetyl Salicylic Acid (ASA) terhadap pertumbuhan sawi (Brassica juncea L.) pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan

INDONESIA:

Sawi adalah jenis tanaman semusim keberadaannya dibutuhkan berbagai kalangan masyarakat. Penanaman sawi membutuhkan sistem irigasi yang baik. Pada musim kemarau perlu dilakukan penyiraman yang teratur. Kemarau membentuk stress abiotik berupa cekaman kekeringan yang menjadi penyebab utama kegagalan panen sawi. Cekaman kekeringan menurunkan pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi tanaman. Cekaman kekeringan dapat diatasi dengan pemberian fitohormon ASA. ASA adalah derivate dari asam salisilat, senyawa fenol yang berperan meningkatkan toleransi tanaman terhadap stress kekeringan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) menganalisis pengaruh Acetyl Salicylic Acid (ASA) terhadap pertumbuhan sawi (Brassica juncea L.) pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan dan 2) mengidentifikansi konsentrasi Acetyl Salicylic Acid (ASA) yang efektif dalam mempertahankan pertumbuhan sawi (Brassica juncea L.) pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan.

Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan terdiri atas 2 faktor. Faktor I (kuantitas penyiraman berdasarkan kapasitas lapang (KL)) yaitu 70%, 50%, dan 30% KL dan faktor II (konsentrasi Acetyl Salicylic Acid (ASA)) yaitu 10-4 M, 10-5 M, dan 10-6 M. Kedua faktor dikombinasikan dan ditambah perlakuan 100% KL sehingga diperoleh 10 perlakuan. Perlakuan KL dan ASA diberikan pada tanaman umur 7, 21, dan 24 HST. Volume penyiraman ditentukan berdasarkan kapasitas lapang dan ASA diberikan sebanyak 30 ml per tanaman dengan 3 kali ulangan, setiap ulangan berisi 3 tanaman, jumlah total terdapat 90 satuan percobaan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan one-way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan uji DMRT 5% jika terdapat pengaruh pada perlakuan yang diberikan.

Hasil one way ANOVA pada parameter tinggi tanaman 14, 21, dan 28 HST, jumlah daun 28 HST, luas area daun, panjang akar, berat segar, dan klorofil total daun menunjukkan pengaruh ASA terhadap pertumbuhan sawi pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan. Konsentrasi 10-6 M ASA paling efektif mempertahankan pertumbuhan tanaman sawi pada kondisi kekeringan. Kondisi cekaman kekeringan yang dapat ditoleransi oleh tanaman yaitu 50% KL pada parameter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun 28 HST, luas area daun, berat segar, dan klorofil total daun.

ENGLISH:

Mustard, a kind of seasonal crop, which needed by many people. Mustard planting needs a good irrigation system. In dry season, it needs irrigation intensively. Dry season can establish abiotic stress like drought stess, main cause of mustard crop failed happened. Drought stress conditions decrease plant growth and yields. Drought stress can be overcome by giving phytohormone Acetyl Salicylic Acid (ASA). ASA is a derivate of Salicylic Acid, a phenol that main an important role in increasing plant tolerance under drought stress conditions. The purposes of this research are: 1) analyze the effect of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) on plant growth of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under drought stress conditions and 2) indentify ASA concentration which more effective to maintain plant growth of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under drought stress conditions.

Research is done experimentally using completely randomized design (CRD), consist of 2 factors. 1st factor (quantity of irrigation based on field capacity (FC)), there are 70%, 50%, and 30% FC. 2nd factor (concentrations of Acetyl Salicylic Acid (ASA)), there are 10-4 M, 10-5 M, dan 10-6 M. Both of them are combined and the treatment is added with 100% FC without ASA as control, so it got 10 treatments. Treatment of FC and ASA is given at 7, 21, and 24 day after sowing (DAS). Volume of water for irrigation is determined based on field capacity. Concentration of ASA is given by 30 ml per planter with 3 repetitions, each repetition is planted with 3 plants of mustard. Total number of plants are 90 experimental units. Data result of research is analyzed using one-way ANOVA and it is continued to Duncan Multiple Range Test 5%, if there is an effect at treatments that had given.

Result of one way ANOVA at plant height 14, 21, and 28 DAS, number of leaf 28 DAS, leaf area, root length, plant weight, and total chlorophyll of plant showed the effect of ASA on plant growth of Mustard under drought stress conditions. Concentration of ASA 10-6 M is more effective to maintain the plant growth of mustard under drought stress conditions. Drought stress condition which be able to tolerance by mustard is 50% FC at plant height, number of leaf 28 DAS, leaf area, root length, plant weight, and total chlorophyll of leaf.