Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum citriodorum) Terhadap Pencegahan Anemia (Tinjauan pada Jumlah dan Morfologi Eritrosit serta Kadar Hemoglobin) pada Tikus Putih Jantan yang dipapar Asap Rokok

Cigarette smoke contains various ingredients as free radicals that trigger oxidative stress, causing damage to various organs, and reduce their physiological functions, including blood cells. Ocimum citriodorum or known as basil is a source of exogenous antioxidants that can protect erythrocytes from damage caused by oxidative stress. This study was an experimental study which aims to determine the effect of 70% ethanolic extract of basil leaves on the number and morphology of erythrocytes and also hemoglobin level in white male rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The dosage of basil leaves extract used was 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgBW for 14 days and given to rats exposed to cigarette smoke for 1 hour. The number of erythrocytes were analyzed by One Way Anova followed by Tukey (p≤0.05), hemoglobin levels were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and continued with Mann Whitney (p≤0.05), whereas in erythrocyte morphology a descriptive analysis was performed. The results showed that the basil leaves extract had a significant effect to inhibit the decrease number of erythrocytes in treatment group 1 (p = 0.007), treatment group 2 (p = 0,000), and treatment group 3 (p = 0,000). Basil leaves extract significantly prevented the decrease of hemoglobin levels in treatment group 2 (p = 0.021), treatment group 3 (p = 0.021) and not significantly in treatment group 1 (p = 0.083). Basil leaves extract reduced the most number of morphological changes in erythrocytes in the treatment group 1. This study concludes that the extract can inhibit the decrease the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin levels, and also reduce the amount of erythrocyte damage.