Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik Sehari-hari dengan Derajat Hipertensi pada Lansia di Kota Batu

ABSTRACT

Hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and the most widely carried by the community, especially the elderly. Batu City ranks third in the highest number of people with hypertension in East Java. Patients with hypertension if they don’t get good treatment can cause serious complications that can even lead to death. One of the effective management of nonpharmacological hypertension is physical activity. This study attempts to determine whether there is a relationship between daily physical activity and the degree of hypertension in the erlderly in Batu City. This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional method. The sampling method used was stratified random sampling. This research uses instruments such as sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, informed consent, GPAQ questionnaire, stationary, reward for respondents. Data analysis techniques using Spearman Rank. The research sample amounted to 243 respondents. The results showed that there were 25 respondents (10,3%) with low levels of physical activity who had hypertension, 7 of them (2,9%) had first degree of hypertension, 7 respondents (2,9%) had second degree of hypertension, and 11 respondents (4,5%) with 3rd degree of hypertension. A total of 101 respondents (41,6%) had moderate levels of physical activity who had hypertension, first degree of hypertension was 46 respondents (18,9%), second degree of hypertension was 44 respondents (18,1%), and 3rd degree of hypertension was 11 respondents (4,5%). A total of 117 respondents (48,1%) who had high levels of physical activity, 81 respondents (33,3%) had first degree of hypertension, 30 respondents (12,3%) had second degree of hypertension, and 6 respondents (2,5%) had 3rd degree of hypertension. Based on the Spearman Rank statistical test it is known that there is a significant relationship between daily physical activity and the degree of hypertension in the elderly in Batu City (p value = 0,000) with the direction of the relationship isn’t unidirectional (correlation coefficient= -0,324). The increasing physical activity, the lower degree of hypertension on the respondent.

ABSTRAK

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit kardiovaskular yang paling umum dan paling banyak disandang masyarakat terutama lansia. Kota Batu menempati urutan ketiga penderita hipertensi terbanyak se-Jawa Timur. Penderita hipertensi jika tidak mendapat penanganan yang baik dapat menyebabkan komplikasi yang cukup serius bahkan bisa sampai menyebabkan kematian. Salah satu penatalaksanaan nonfarmakologi yang efektif dari hipertensi yaitu melakukan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan antara aktivitas fisik sehari-hari dengan derajat hipertensi pada lansia di Kota Batu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode cross sectional. Metode penarikan sampel yang dilakukan yaitu stratified random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa sfigmomanometer, stetoskop, informed consent, kuesioner GPAQ, alat tulis, dan reward untuk responden. Teknik analisis data menggunakan rank spearman. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 243 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 25 responden (10,3%) beraktivitas fisik kategori rendah mengalami hipertensi, 7 diantaranya (2,9%) mengalami hipertensi derajat 1, 7 responden (2,9%) mengalami hipertensi derajat 2, dan 11 responden (4,5%) dengan hipertensi derajat 3. Sebanyak 101 responden (41,6%) yang beraktivitas fisik sedang mengalami hipertensi, hipertensi derajat 1 sebanyak 46 responden (18,9%), hipertensi derajat 2 sebanyak 44 responden (18,1%), dan hipertensi derajat 3 sebanyak 11 responden (4,5%). Dari total 117 responden (48,1%) yang beraktivitas fisik tinggi, sebanyak 81 responden (33,3%) mengalami hipertensi derajat 1, hipertensi derajat 2 sebanyak 30 responden (12,3%), dan hipertensi derajat 3 sebanyak 6 responden (2,5%). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik rank spearman diketahui terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik sehari-hari dengan derajat hipertensi pada lansia di Kota Batu (p value= 0,000) dengan arah hubungan bersifat tidak searah (koefisien korelasi= -0,324). Semakin meningkatnya aktivitas fisik maka semakin rendah derajat hipertensi pada responden.