Islamic law review against effectiveness of personal data protection of financial technology consumers by financial services authority: Study in Financial Services Authority Jakarta

ENGLISH:

Industrial Revolution 4.0 is a phase of digitizing various aspects of life, including economic aspects. The existence of the internet makes it easy for the public to conduct digital financial transactions, one of which is the use of financial technology technologists to peer lending. The ease of internet, which is supported by the completeness of personal data, makes people more quickly and efficiently obtain loan funds from fintech lending providers without any collateral. Fintech lending are explicitly regulated in the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 77/POJK.01/2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Money Lending Services. Besides the convenience presented, making personal data more vulnerable to misuse by unscrupulous fintech organizers.

This research has problem formulation namely; 1) How is the effectiveness of personal data protection for consumers of financial technology at the Jakarta Financial Services Authority ?; 2) What is the concept of Islamic law in protecting personal data technology consumers financial data? This study aims to describe the effectiveness of personal data protection for consumers of financial technology at the Jakarta Financial Services Authority and to find out the concept of Islamic law in protecting consumer personal data against financial technology practices. This type of research is legal-empirical with a socio-legal approach. Data collection methods through interviews and documentation studies. While the data analysis is done through the method of editing, classifying, verifying, analyzing and concluding.

Protection of fintech consumer personal data at the Jakarta Financial Services Authority consists of two means of legal protection namely preventive and repressive. The effectiveness of protection of consumer personal data by the Financial Services Authority is less effective because the legal substance is not comprehensive so it results in a weak legal structure (law enforcement). Islamic law upholds personal data as part of the protection of honor (hifz al-irdh) which is included in maqashid syariah dharuriyat (primary needs), because it contains someone's privacy rights. So it is forbidden to disseminate personal data without the permission of the owner of the data because it can cause kemudharatan. The government must make a policy in the form of personal data protection for financial consumer technology based on the consideration of the benefit of the people.

INDONESIA:

Revolusi Industri 4.0 merupakan fase digitalisasi berbagai aspek kehidupan, termasuk aspek ekonomi. Adanya internet memudahkan masyarakat dalam melakukan transaksi keuangan digital, salah satunya pemanfaatan financial technology peer to peer lending. Kemudahan internet yang didukung kelengkapan data pribadi, menjadikan masyarakat lebih cepat dan efesien memperoleh dana pinjaman dari penyelenggara fintech pinjaman online tanpa adanya jaminan. Fintech pinjaman online secara eksplisit diatur dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi. Disamping kemudahan yang disajikan, menjadikan data pribadi lebih rentan disalahgunakan oleh oknum penyelenggara fintech tidak bertanggung jawab.

Penelitian ini memiliki rumusan masalah yaitu; 1) Bagaimana efektivitas perlindungan data pribadi konsumen financial technology di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Jakarta?; 2) Bagaimana konsep hukum Islam dalam melindungi data data pribadi konsumen financial technology? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan bentuk efektivitas perlindungan data pribadi konsumen financial technology di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Jakarta dan untuk mengetahui konsep hukum Islam dalam melindungi data pribadi konsumen terhadap praktik financial technology. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan ialah yuridis-empiris dengan pendekatan penelitian yuridis-sosiologis. Metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data dilakukan melalui metode pemeriksaan, klasifikasi, verifikasi, analisis dan pembuatan kesimpulan.

Perlindungan data pribadi konsumen fintech di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Jakarta terdiri dari dua sarana perlindungan hukum yaitu preventif dan represif. Adapun efektivitas perlindungan data pribadi konsumen oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan kurang efektif karena substansi hukum yang tidak komprehensif sehingga berakibat pada struktur hukum (penegak hukum) yang lemah. Hukum Islam sangat menjunjung tinggi data pribadi sebagai bagian perlindungan terhadap kehormatan (hifz al-irdh) yang masuk dalam maqashid syariah dharuriyat (kebutuhan primer), karena mengandung hak privasi seseorang. Sehingga haram untuk melakukan penyebarluasan data pribadi tanpa seizin pemilik data sebab dapat menimbulkan kemudharatan. Adapun pemerintah harus membuat kebijakan berupa perlindungan data pribadi konsumen financiial technology berdasarkan pertimbangan kemaslahatan umat.